MORAY

Question 1

Explain the Background? Cherry

The cocktail party effect?

Answer 1

Cherry’s method of shadowing one of two dichotic messages for his study of attention in listening, found participants who shadowed a message presented to one water ignorant of the content of a message simultaneously presented to the other ear.

Question 2

3 aims?

Answer 2

1. Test Cherry’s original experiment rigorously.
2. To see if some kind of message (such as hearing your name) will break through the attentional block to the rejected ear.
3. To see if expectations (set) might affect the way the message to the rejected ear is processed.

Question 3

Describe the sample?
Exp 1/2/3

Answer 3

Undergraduates and research workers of both genders.

Experiment 1 = ?
Experiment 2 = 12
Experiment 3 = 28

Total = 40

Question 4

Research method?

Answer 4

1. Lab

Question 5

EXP 1 - Cherry

Design?
IV? (2)
DV?

Answer 5

1. Repeated.
2. Dichotic listening test / recognition test.
3. The number of words recognised correctly in the rejected message.

Question 6

EXP 1
Procedure?

Answer 6

• two different messages in each ear at the same time.
• participants to shadow what’s in the right ear.
• 30 sec rest.
• circle all of the words they recognise from what either researcher was reading to them.

Question 7

EXP1
results?

Answer 7

Words in shadowed message (mean) - 4.9/7
Rejected message (mean) - 1.9/7
Words presents first time (mean) - 2.6/7

SCORED HIGHER IN SHADOWED MESSAGE THAN REJECTED MESSAGE

Question 8

EXP2
Design?
IV?
DV?

Answer 8

Design - repeated measures design
IV - affective vs non affective messages (whether or not instructions were prefixed by the participants own name.
DV - number of affective instructions that were responded to.

Question 9

EXP 2
Procedure?

Answer 9

1. Participants will hear 2 different passages in each ear & are instructed to shadow one of the passages.
2. Read opening statement “u will be instructed to change ears”
3. Then both researchers will read out the passages.
4. Halfway through, participants were given an instruction to change ears (either preceded with their name or not)
5. They were assessed on how many times the P’s followed the instructions.

Question 10

EXP2
Results?

Answer 10

Times heard / affective = 20 out of 39
Times heard / non affective = 4 out of 36

Question 11

EXP 3
DESIGN?
IV? (2)
DV?
AIM?

Answer 11

1.independent measures
2. Whether digits were inserted into both messages or only one
- whether participants had to answer questions about the shadowed message at the end of each passage or whether participants had to merely remember all the numbers they could.
3. The numbers digits correctly responded.

Question 12

EXP3
Procedure?

Answer 12

1. P’s asked to shadow one of the dichotic messages.
2. Numbers were added to some messages (either one or both ears)
3. 1 group we’re told to remember the content of the message.
4. 1 group were told to remember the numbers.
5. Experimenters measured no. Of digits recalled.

Question 13

Conclusion for each EXP?

Answer 13

EXP1 - showed the content of the rejected message is blocked, confirming Cherry’s Results.
EXP2 - Showed that an affective message breaks through the attention barrier.
EXP3 - showed that neutral material does not become important enough to break through the attentional barrier even when expectations were increased by telling some participants they had to recall all digits.