Network Communications & Wireless Networking

Question 1

Unicast Communication

Answer 1

One-to-one communication between a single sender and receiver. Example: Sending an email from one computer to another.

Question 2

Multicast Communication

Answer 2

One-to-many communication where data is sent to multiple specific receivers in a group. Example: Streaming a live event to multiple subscribers.

Question 3

Anycast Communication

Answer 3

One-to-one-of-many communication where data is sent to the nearest or best destination in a group. Example: DNS servers responding from the closest location.

Question 4

Broadcast Communication

Answer 4

One-to-all communication where a message is sent to every device on a network. Example: ARP requests on a local network.

Question 5

IEEE 802

Answer 5

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802 → A family of networking standards defining local and metropolitan area network technologies, including Ethernet (802.3) and Wi-Fi (802.11).

Question 6

Wi-Fi Alliance

Answer 6

Wi-Fi Alliance → A nonprofit organization that checks and certifies wireless products are using IEEE 802.11 standards.

Question 7

802.11a

Answer 7

802.11a (Wi-Fi 1) → Operates on the 5 GHz frequency band with speeds up to 54 Mbit/s.

Question 8

802.11b

Answer 8

802.11b (Wi-Fi 2) → Operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency band with speeds up to 11 Mbit/s.

Question 9

802.11g

Answer 9

802.11g (Wi-Fi 3) → Operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency band with speeds up to 54 Mbit/s.

Question 10

802.11n

Answer 10

802.11n (Wi-Fi 4) → Operates on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands with speeds up to 600 Mbit/s using MIMO technology.

Question 11

802.11ac

Answer 11

802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5) → Operates on the 5 GHz frequency band with speeds up to 6.9 Gbit/s using wider channels and MU-MIMO.

Question 12

802.11ax

Answer 12

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) → Operates on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands with speeds up to 9.6 Gbit/s, offering better efficiency, capacity, and lower latency in crowded areas.

Question 13

802.11be

Answer 13

802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) → Operates on 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands with potential speeds over 40 Gbit/s, improving latency and multi-link operation.

Question 14

4G & LTE

Answer 14

Fourth Generation and Long-Term Evolution → Cellular standards offering faster data rates using GSM and CDMA technologies; LTE-A (Advanced) provides higher speeds and improved reliability for mobile broadband.

Question 15

5G

Answer 15

Fifth Generation Wireless → The latest cellular standard offering multi-gigabit speeds, ultra-low latency, and support for massive device connectivity such as IoT networks.

Question 16

Satellite Networking

Answer 16

Satellite Networking → A form of non-terrestrial communication using orbiting satellites; offers wide coverage but high latency, requires direct line of sight, can be affected by rain fade, and examples include Starlink.