Static & Dynamic Routing Technologies

Question 1

Routing Tables

Answer 1

Routing Tables → Lists of known network paths stored on devices, showing destination networks and the next hop to reach them.

Question 2

Static Routing

Answer 2

Static Routing → Manually configured routes with advantages of predictability and low overhead but disadvantages of poor scalability and no automatic failover.

Question 3

Dynamic Routing

Answer 3

Dynamic Routing → Routers automatically learn and adjust routes, offering scalability and fault tolerance but more CPU use and potential instability.

Question 4

Dynamic Routing Protocols

Answer 4

Dynamic Routing Protocols → Software protocols that share route information between routers, such as EIGRP, OSPF, BGP, and RIP.

Question 5

EIGRP

Answer 5

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol → A Cisco-proprietary hybrid routing protocol used within an autonomous system for fast convergence.

Question 6

OSPF

Answer 6

Open Shortest Path First → A link-state routing protocol used within a single autonomous system (AS) for efficient internal route management.

Question 7

BGP

Answer 7

Border Gateway Protocol → A path-vector routing protocol used to connect different autonomous systems on the internet, often called the “three-napkin protocol.”

Question 8

RIPv1

Answer 8

Routing Information Protocol version 1 → A distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric and does not support VLSM.

Question 9

RIPv2

Answer 9

Routing Information Protocol version 2 → An improved version of RIP supporting VLSM and authentication while still limited by a 15-hop maximum.

Question 10

Prefix Lengths

Answer 10

Prefix Lengths → Indicate how many bits identify the network portion of an address; routes become more specific as the prefix increases (e.g., /24 more specific than /16).

Question 11

Administrative Distance in Routing

Answer 11

Administrative Distance → The trustworthiness of a route; lower values are preferred. Local = 0, Static = 1, EIGRP = 90, OSPF = 110, RIP = 120, DHCP Default = 254, Unknown = 255.

Question 12

Routing Metrics

Answer 12

Routing Metrics → Values such as hop count, bandwidth, delay, and cost used by routing protocols to choose the best path.

Question 13

FHRP

Answer 13

First Hop Redundancy Protocol → Provides automatic failover for default gateway redundancy, ensuring continuous availability if one router fails.

Question 14

VIP

Answer 14

Virtual IP Address → A shared IP assigned to multiple devices for redundancy or load balancing, often used with FHRP.

Question 15

Subinterfaces

Answer 15

Subinterfaces → Logical interfaces on a single physical port, commonly used for VLAN trunking to allow multiple VLANs to share one interface.