NRV Exam 2 - SAQ

Question 1

Which brain structure coordinates movement and balance?

Answer 1

Cerebellum

Question 2

Key signs of cerebellar lesion?

Answer 2

Ataxia dysmetria dysdiadochokinesia slurred speech

Question 3

Vestibular input to cerebellum comes from?

Answer 3

CN VIII vestibulocochlear nerve

Question 4

Vestibular input function?

Answer 4

Balance and equilibrium

Question 5

Sensory input to cerebellum source?

Answer 5

Spinal cord and cranial nerves

Question 6

Sensory input function cerebellum?

Answer 6

Proprioception and tactile feedback

Question 7

Motor planning input to cerebellum comes from?

Answer 7

Cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei

Question 8

Motor planning input function?

Answer 8

Provides intended movement for coordination

Question 9

Cerebellar output via dentate nucleus goes where?

Answer 9

Thalamus to motor cortex

Question 10

Fastigial nucleus output goes where?

Answer 10

Brainstem vestibular nuclei

Question 11

Cerebellar output function?

Answer 11

Refines movement coordination timing precision

Question 12

Vestibulocerebellum function?

Answer 12

Balance eye movements equilibrium

Question 13

Spinocerebellum function?

Answer 13

Coordination of ongoing movement

Question 14

Cerebrocerebellum function?

Answer 14

Motor planning precision timing

Question 15

Vestibulocerebellum inputs?

Answer 15

Vestibular system and visual input

Question 16

Spinocerebellum inputs?

Answer 16

Spinal cord proprioception

Question 17

Cerebrocerebellum inputs?

Answer 17

Cerebral cortex via pontine nuclei

Question 18

Vestibulocerebellum nucleus?

Answer 18

Fastigial nucleus

Question 19

Spinocerebellum nucleus?

Answer 19

Interposed nuclei (globose emboliform)

Question 20

Cerebrocerebellum nucleus?

Answer 20

Dentate nucleus

Question 21

Vestibulocerebellum outputs?

Answer 21

Vestibular nuclei reticular formation

Question 22

Spinocerebellum outputs?

Answer 22

Red nucleus

Question 23

Cerebrocerebellum outputs?

Answer 23

Thalamus to motor cortex

Question 24

Embryological origin of cerebellum?

Answer 24

Metencephalon

Question 25

Purkinje cells function?

Answer 25

Inhibitory output neurons of cerebellar cortex

Question 26

Granule cells function?

Answer 26

Excitatory interneurons in cerebellum

Question 27

Internal acoustic meatus transmits which nerve?

Answer 27

CN VIII

Question 28

Internal acoustic meatus lesion causes?

Answer 28

Hearing loss tinnitus vertigo

Question 29

Optic canal transmits?

Answer 29

CN II optic nerve

Question 30

Foramen rotundum transmits?

Answer 30

CN V2 maxillary

Question 31

Foramen ovale transmits?

Answer 31

CN V3 mandibular

Question 32

Jugular foramen transmits?

Answer 32

CN IX X XI

Question 33

Hypoglossal canal transmits?

Answer 33

CN XII

Question 34

CN V2 lesion causes?

Answer 34

Facial sensory loss midface

Question 35

CN V3 lesion causes?

Answer 35

Jaw weakness chewing difficulty

Question 36

Jugular foramen lesion signs?

Answer 36

Dysphagia hoarseness shoulder weakness

Question 37

Hypoglossal nerve lesion signs?

Answer 37

Tongue deviation weakness dysarthria

Question 38

Rinne test normal result?

Answer 38

Air conduction greater than bone conduction

Question 39

Weber test normal?

Answer 39

No lateralization

Question 40

Conductive hearing loss Weber?

Answer 40

Lateralizes to affected ear

Question 41

Sensorineural hearing loss Weber?

Answer 41

Lateralizes to normal ear

Question 42

Rinne in conductive loss?

Answer 42

Bone conduction greater than air conduction

Question 43

Most likely finding in Paget disease case?

Answer 43

Sensorineural hearing loss

Question 44

Horner syndrome triad?

Answer 44

Ptosis miosis anhidrosis

Question 45

Cause of Horner in smoker?

Answer 45

Apical lung tumor Pancoast tumor

Question 46

Which neuron affected in Horner from lung apex?

Answer 46

Second order preganglionic neuron

Question 47

Origin of second order neuron?

Answer 47

T1-T2 spinal cord

Question 48

Where does second order neuron synapse?

Answer 48

Superior cervical ganglion

Question 49

Hydrocephalus definition?

Answer 49

Excess CSF causing ventricular enlargement

Question 50

Cause of hydrocephalus in SAH?

Answer 50

Impaired CSF absorption

Question 51

Type of hydrocephalus after SAH?

Answer 51

Communicating hydrocephalus

Question 52

CSF absorption site?

Answer 52

Arachnoid granulations

Question 53

Papilledema indicates?

Answer 53

Raised intracranial pressure

Question 54

Propofol mechanism of action?

Answer 54

Enhances GABA A receptor activity

Question 55

Effect of propofol on neurons?

Answer 55

Hyperpolarization CNS depression

Question 56

Why propofol preferred over thiopental?

Answer 56

Rapid onset short duration antiemetic effect

Question 57

Right homonymous hemianopia lesion location?

Answer 57

Left post-chiasmal pathway

Question 58

Macular sparing indicates?

Answer 58

Occipital cortex lesion PCA territory

Question 59

Why macula spared?

Answer 59

Dual blood supply bilateral representation

Question 60

Why pupillary reflex intact in hemianopia?

Answer 60

Reflex pathway pretectal not affected

Question 61

Visual pathway starts where?

Answer 61

Retina

Question 62

Optic chiasm function?

Answer 62

Crossing of nasal fibers

Question 63

Optic tract carries what?

Answer 63

Contralateral visual field

Question 64

LGN function?

Answer 64

Relay visual info to cortex

Question 65

Optic radiation function?

Answer 65

Transmit signals to visual cortex

Question 66

Primary visual cortex location?

Answer 66

Occipital lobe

Question 67

Lesion in optic nerve causes?

Answer 67

Monocular blindness

Question 68

Lesion at chiasm causes?

Answer 68

Bitemporal hemianopia

Question 69

Lesion in optic tract causes?

Answer 69

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

Question 70

Lesion in temporal radiation causes?

Answer 70

Superior quadrantanopia

Question 71

Lesion in parietal radiation causes?

Answer 71

Inferior quadrantanopia

Question 72

Occipital cortex lesion causes?

Answer 72

Homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing

Question 73

Cerebellar lesion causes ipsilateral or contralateral signs?

Answer 73

Ipsilateral

Question 74

Why cerebellar lesions ipsilateral?

Answer 74

Double crossing of pathways

Question 75

Dysdiadochokinesia definition?

Answer 75

Impaired rapid alternating movements

Question 76

Dysmetria definition?

Answer 76

Inability to judge distance

Question 77

Ataxia definition?

Answer 77

Uncoordinated movement