NRV Week 2 Notes

Question 1

Where is the hindbrain located?

Answer 1

Within the hindbrain

Question 2

What is the neural tube?

Answer 2

Embryonic structure that develops into CNS

Question 3

What do primary brain vesicles form?

Answer 3

Forebrain midbrain hindbrain

Question 4

What do secondary vesicles develop into?

Answer 4

More specialized brain regions

Question 5

What establishes sensory and motor functions?

Answer 5

Differentiation of neural structures

Question 6

What are the five stages of CNS development?

Answer 6

Proliferation migration differentiation myelination synaptogenesis

Question 7

What causes failure of nasal placodal cell migration?

Answer 7

Developmental abnormalities

Question 8

What is microcephaly?

Answer 8

Abnormally small head size

Question 9

What is macrocephaly?

Answer 9

Abnormally large head size

Question 10

What is holoprosencephaly?

Answer 10

Failure of forebrain division

Question 11

What is a key feature of holoprosencephaly?

Answer 11

Single forebrain structure

Question 12

What is agenesis of corpus callosum?

Answer 12

Absence of connection between hemispheres

Question 13

What is Chiari malformation?

Answer 13

Herniation of cerebellum through skull base

Question 14

What is Dandy-Walker malformation?

Answer 14

Cystic dilation of fourth ventricle

Question 15

What is lissencephaly?

Answer 15

Neuronal migration disorder

Question 16

What is limbic system function?

Answer 16

Emotion memory behavior

Question 17

What is the role of the amygdala?

Answer 17

Emotion processing

Question 18

What is the role of the hippocampus?

Answer 18

Memory formation

Question 19

What connects amygdala to hypothalamus?

Answer 19

Stria terminalis

Question 20

What causes Korsakoff syndrome?

Answer 20

Thiamine deficiency

Question 21

What is anosmia?

Answer 21

Loss of smell

Question 22

What is the reward pathway?

Answer 22

VTA to nucleus accumbens

Question 23

What neurotransmitter is key in reward?

Answer 23

Dopamine

Question 24

Where does the reward pathway originate?

Answer 24

Ventral tegmental area

Question 25

What is addiction?

Answer 25

Compulsive drug use despite harm

Question 26

What is tolerance?

Answer 26

Reduced response to drug over time

Question 27

What is neuroplasticity?

Answer 27

Brain adaptation to stimuli

Question 28

What is working memory?

Answer 28

Short-term active memory

Question 29

What is long-term memory?

Answer 29

Stored information over time

Question 30

What structure is critical for declarative memory?

Answer 30

Hippocampus

Question 31

What did patient HM lose?

Answer 31

Ability to form new memories

Question 32

What is amnesia?

Answer 32

Loss of memory

Question 33

What is long-term potentiation?

Answer 33

Strengthening of synapses

Question 34

What ion is key in LTP?

Answer 34

Calcium

Question 35

What is the Papez circuit?

Answer 35

Memory processing pathway

Question 36

What is dementia?

Answer 36

Progressive cognitive decline

Question 37

What is Alzheimer disease?

Answer 37

Most common dementia

Question 38

What is a key feature of dementia?

Answer 38

Slow onset

Question 39

What is Lewy body dementia?

Answer 39

Dementia with abnormal protein deposits

Question 40

What treats Alzheimer disease?

Answer 40

Cholinesterase inhibitors

Question 41

What is delirium?

Answer 41

Acute fluctuating confusion

Question 42

What is telencephalon?

Answer 42

Cerebral cortex

Question 43

What lobe controls vision?

Answer 43

Occipital lobe

Question 44

What lobe controls hearing?

Answer 44

Temporal lobe

Question 45

What lobe controls movement?

Answer 45

Frontal lobe

Question 46

What lobe processes sensation?

Answer 46

Parietal lobe

Question 47

What is the motor homunculus?

Answer 47

Body map in motor cortex

Question 48

What is the sensory homunculus?

Answer 48

Body map in sensory cortex

Question 49

What is basal ganglia function?

Answer 49

Movement control

Question 50

What is the thalamus?

Answer 50

Relay center for sensory information

Question 51

What is hypothalamus function?

Answer 51

Homeostasis and endocrine control

Question 52

Where is hypothalamus located?

Answer 52

Below thalamus

Question 53

What is tuberomammillary nucleus?

Answer 53

Histamine-producing nucleus

Question 54

What is SIEM equivalent in brain?

Answer 54

Thalamus as relay center

Question 55

What is primary somatosensory cortex?

Answer 55

Processes sensory input

Question 56

What is corpus callosum?

Answer 56

Connects cerebral hemispheres