How much Leeway space in each arch?
Maxilla: 3mm (1.5 per quadrant)
Mandible: 5mm (2.5 per quadrant)
Blunted roots are associated with which type of resorption?
External root resorption
Which bones undergo intramembranous ossification?
Flat bones - parietal, maxilla, zygoma, palatine, lacrimal, nasal, frontal
Which bones undergo endochondral ossification?
ethmoid, styloid process, stapes, hyoid, incus, malleus, inferior nasal concha
serial extractions to manage severe crowding (including both primary and permanent teeth)?
1st - primary canines
2nd - primary first molars
3rd - first premolars
device name
hyrax
name of the anatomical landmark
gnathion
4 most commonly impacted teeth in order
- Third molars
- Maxillary canines
- Mandibular premolars
- Mandibular canines
Herbst appliance
When does the mid-palatal suture typically close in males and females?
Females: 11-13
Males: 14-16
What direction does the growth of the maxilla occur?
downward and forward
Class type
Class 2 div 2
In a periodontally healthy tooth, where is the center of resistance?
Middle third of the root
Maxillary vertical excess leads to____
gummy smile
Maxillary vertical deficiency leads to ___
a reduced incisor display
_____ is required to determine the mandibular plane angle
cephalometric imaging
Malocclusion is best visualized from a/an _________
intraoral lateral view
Normal SNA angle
82 +/- 2 degrees (80-84)
Normal SNB angle
80 +/- 2 degrees (78-82)
Normal ANB angle
2 +/- 2 degrees (0-4)
Which 2 landmarks make up the Frankfort plane?
Porion and Orbitale
Which 2 landmarks make up the Mandibular plane?
Gonion and gnathion
The mandibular plane angle (FMA) is formed by the intersection of the _____ and _____
Frankfort and mandibular planes
Bone resorbs on the ____ side and forms on the ___ side, allowing the tooth to gradually shift
pressure
tension
