Pathophysiology- week 3

Question 1

interstitial fluid

Answer 1

fluid that surrounds cells and lymph

Question 2

roles of fluid in the body

Answer 2

temp regulation, transportation, lubrication, chem. reactions, hydration, shock absorption

Question 3

osmolality

Answer 3

[] of solutes in solution

Question 4

osmotic forces

Answer 4

pressure exerted by solutes in solution to draw water across a semi-permeable membrane

Question 5

starling forces

Answer 5

balance of hydrostatic and oncotic P

Question 6

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 6

force against BV walls, pushing water out cap. higher than osmotic pressure at arterial end of cap

Question 7

oncotic pressure

Answer 7

pull exerted by protein in plasma drawing water in cap. higher than hydrostatic pressure at venous end of cap

Question 8

net filtration pressure

Answer 8

plasma oncotic P + interstitial hydrostatic P (fav reabsorption)

Question 9

aging effect on total fluid

Answer 9

less as you age less thirst sensation, kidney function

Question 10

edema

Answer 10

too much fluid in interstitial space

Question 11

third spacing

Answer 11

too much fluid in transcellular space

Question 12

ascites

Answer 12

fluid accumulation in peritoneal cavity

Question 13

pleural vs. pericardia effusion

Answer 13

fluid accumulation in pleural vs. pericardial cavity

Question 14

what fluids to to give for isotonic fluid losses

Answer 14

isotonic IV fluids -0.8% normal saline NS -Ringer lactate (contain K, don’t give if client has high K)

Question 15

what fluids to to give for hypertonic fluid losses

Answer 15

hypotonic IV fluids
1/2 NS (0.45% NaCl)
1/3 NS (0.33% NaCl)
D4W (5% dextrose in water) (contains glucose)
-lower [] of Na than inside the cells to push fluid into cells from intravascular space
-can cause hypovolemia

Question 16

what fluids to to give for hypotonic fluid losses

Answer 16

hypertonic IV fluids
5% NS
D5W with 1/2 NS
D5W with RL
-HIGH [] OF Na THAN INSIDE CELL
-pulls fluid out of cells into intravascular space

Question 17

hypovolemia vs. hypervolemia

Answer 17

too much or little fluid in intravascular space (low blood plasma)

Question 18

Na

Answer 18

135-145 mmol/l
hyper 145 or high
hypo 135 or lower
controls body fluid distribution > blood volume > BP

Question 19

Cl

Answer 19

moves with Na
involves pH balance
Cl moves from plasma into RBC and HCO3 move into plasma

Question 20

Mg

Answer 20

intracellular cation
involved in neuromuscular contractility

Question 21

Ca

Answer 21

usually low with Mg
absorption depends on vit D (calcitriol)
stored in bones, regulated by PTH and calcitonin
involved in neuromuscular contractility, coagulation and bone health

Question 22

P

Answer 22

hyperphosphatemia looks like hypocalcemia
hypophosphatemia looks like hypercalcemia
stored in bones and soft tissues
regulated by PTH and vit. D
bone and teeth health, muscle and RBC function

Question 23

respiratory + metabolic acidosis + alkalosis

Answer 23

-too much co2 > acidic
-too little co2 > basic