Pharm 1

Question 1

What are the categories of sedative-hypnotic drugs?

Answer 1

• benzodiazepines

- non-benzodiazepines

Question 2

How do benzodiazepines help pts relax?

Answer 2

by boosting GABA

Question 3

Two big issues with benzos

Answer 3

• potentially addicting

- residual effects the next day

Question 4

benzodiazepines and addiction

Answer 4

tolerance builds to dependence

Question 5

What residual effects are often seen with benzodiazepines the next day?

Answer 5

• drowsiness

- decreased motor performance

Question 6

Name 2 examples of benzos

Answer 6

• Trizolam (Halcion)

- Temazepam (Restoril)

Question 7

Barbiturates are (categories)

Answer 7

• sedative-hypnotic drugs

- non-benzodiazepines

Question 8

What is the sedative-hypnotic component of barbiturates?

Answer 8

barbituric acid

Question 9

barbiturates: MOA

Answer 9

• unclear

- can produce general anesthesia and neuronal excitability in brain and SC

Question 10

Why are barbiturates potentially very dangerous?

Answer 10

• very small TI
• just 10x therapeutic dose can be fatal
• very addicting

Question 11

Name 3 examples of barbiturates

Answer 11

• Phenobarbital (Luminal)
• Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
• Secobarbital (Seconal)

Question 12

How are sedative-hyponotics (non-benzos) and benzos similar/different (binding)?

Answer 12

• both bind to GABA

- chemically different from benzos

Question 13

Why might sedative-hypnotics (non-benzos)

Answer 13

• less risk
• shorter duration
• less “hangover” next day

Question 14

What are sedative-hypnotic drugs often prescribed as?

Answer 14

sleep aids

Question 15

What are 3 examples of non-benzodiazepines commonly prescribed for sleep?

Answer 15

• Ambien
• Sonata
• Lunesta

Question 16

Which non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic drug is similar to melatonin?

Answer 16

Ramelteon (Rozerem)

Question 17

Why might Rozerem be chosen over melatonin for sleep?

Answer 17

• structure and function are similar to melatonin
• less risk
• better for long term insomnia

Question 18

Which non-benzo is often associated with sleep-walking/driving

Answer 18

Ambien

Question 19

In the category of “other” non-benzodiazepines, how do they promote relaxation and sleep?

Answer 19

via CNS depression

Question 20

examples of some of the “other” non-benzodiazepines

Answer 20

• ETOH

- antihistamines (OTC “sleep aids”)

Question 21

What other types of drugs can be used in limited situations to promote sleep?

Answer 21

• antidepressants
• anticonvulsants
• opioid analgesics

Question 22

What are some adverse effects of sedative-hypnotics?

Answer 22

• anterograde amnesia
• sedative “hangover” in cognitive and motor function
• tolerance and physical dependence
• sleep-walking/driving