Study Guide 6

Question 1

What are the diagnostic tools for CNS disorders?

Answer 1

• Clinical exam
• CT
• MRI T1
• MRI T2
• Functional MRI
• PET scan
• EEG

Question 2

Why would a CT be chosen over an MRI?

Answer 2

• faster than MRI
• better for bone, chest, abdomen, spine, pelvis, tumors
• better dx of hemorrhagic vs. occlusive CVA

FAST

Question 3

CT uses:

Answer 3

Radiation

Question 4

Both types of MRIs use:

Answer 4

Magnets and radio waves

Question 5

How long do MRIs take?

Answer 5

30 mins

Question 6

What are MRIs best for visualizing?

Answer 6

• soft tissue
• tendons
• joints
• ligaments

Question 7

Types of MRI are different with this

Answer 7

Relaxation time

Question 8

MRI T1 uses (relaxation time)

Answer 8

Longitudinal relaxation time

Question 9

MRI T2 uses (relaxation time)

Answer 9

Transverse relaxation time

Question 10

Which MRI is used with gadolinium contrast?

Answer 10

MRI T1

Question 11

What does gadolinium contrast allow with an MRI T1?

Answer 11

• see vascular changes
• normal vessels
• disruption of BBB

Question 12

Transverse relaxation time (T2) is good for:

Answer 12

• brain anatomy
• CSF spaces
• most brain lesions
• early hemorrhage

Question 13

What does a functional MRI depend upon?

Answer 13

Blood oxygenation level

Question 14

What does a functional MRI look at?

Answer 14

• functional activation of brain during tasks
• can be used in research
• track changes in ability to perform motor, visual, cognitive tasks

Question 15

What does a PET scan visualize?

Answer 15

cellular activity via regional blood flow

Question 16

PET scan is good for:

Answer 16

• organ function study
• regional density of some NTs
• can be used to look at functional brain activation

Question 17

What does EEG look at?

Answer 17

Amplitude of transmissions

Question 18

EEG is used to assess

Answer 18

• hearing
• coma functioning
• brainstem function

Brainstem auditory evoked potential

Question 19

What does this look like: CSF, T1-weighted

Answer 19

Dark

Question 20

What does this look like: CSF, T2-weighted

Answer 20

Bright

Question 21

What does this look like: white matter, T1

Answer 21

Light

Question 22

What does this look like: white matter, T2

Answer 22

Dark gray

Question 23

What does this look like: cortex, T1

Answer 23

Gray

Question 24

What does this look like: cortex, T2

Answer 24

Light gray

Question 25

What does this look like: fat, T1

Answer 25

Bright

Question 26

What does this look like: fat, T2

Answer 26

Light

Question 27

What does this look like: inflammation, T1

Answer 27

Dark

Question 28

What does this look like: inflammation, T2

Answer 28

Bright

Question 29

What are the goals of pharmacological control of CNS damage/disorder?

Answer 29

- change production and uptake of NT - selective interaction with NT receptors - modulation of synthesis, release, reuptake, and degradation of NTs - mediation of NT release by action at presynaptic receptors