[Physical Modalities] Flashcards by Mind Med

In using electrical stimulation on a 16 yo male you set up the machine so that when the current flows the direction reverses on regular intervals, sinusoidal pattern of any frequency. This best describes which waveform on current?

a. Asymmetrical biphasic pulsatile
b. Alternating current
c. Galvanic current
d. Faradic current

b. Alternating current

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Dubois-Reymond’s law deals with

a. time needed by muscle
b. intensity of the stimulus
c. Modulation of the stimulus
d. all

b. intensity of the stimulus

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The following are approaches of ES to control spasticity, EXCEPT:

a. alternately stimulating agonist and antagonist muscles
b. stimulation of the spastic muscles themselves
c. None
d. Stimulation of antagonist to utilize the effect of reciprocal inhibition

c. None

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ES of spastic muscles has been proven to effectively reduce spasticity. The following are parameters to apply, except:

a. waveform: symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic pulses with 200-500 microseconds duration
b. Stimulus amplitude adjusted to max tolerable contraction
c. Duty cycle: 1:1
d. Pulse rate lesser than 60 pps biphasic to produce tetanic muscle contraction

d. Pulse rate lesser than 60 pps biphasic to produce tetanic muscle contraction

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Patient is a 16 year old female student with idiopathic scoliosis. PT plans to apply bipolar or quadripolar electrodes over the overstretched and weakened muscles. He can select the following parameters EXCEPT:

a. duration gradual to 8 hours
b. Pulse rate 25 pps
c. Waveform: rectangular biphasic 230 microseconds
d. stimulus amplitude 50-70 mA

c. Waveform: rectangular biphasic 230 microseconds

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In the reeducation and facilitation of muscles, electrical stimulation is used as a guide to improve proprioceptive and visual sense of the motions and activities being facilitated. When bipolar electrodes are placed over the large muscles or muscle groups, you select the following parameters, EXCEPT:

a. Waveform: monophasic biphasic 200-500 microseconds
b. Stimulus amplitude adjusted to maximum tolerable contraction
c. Duty cycle 1:1
d. Pulse rate greater than 60 pps

d. Pulse rate greater than 60 pps

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Magnetron oscillator is a component of:

a. SWD
b. US
c. Low frequency generator
d. MWD

d. MWD

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Which among the types of IRR will produce the highest temperature?

a. IRR A
b. IRR B
c. IRR C
d. IRR D

a. IRR A

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The PT of an elderly patient with a stage III decubitus ulcer on the plantar surface of the right foot is applying electrical stimulation after trying conservative treatment without much success. The BEST choice for electric current in this condition

a. Low voltage biphasic pulsed
b. High voltage monophasic pulsed
c. Medium frequency interferential
d.Medium frequency burst

b. High voltage monophasic pulsed

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Mottled appearance on the skin after repeated heat radiation is called

a. erythemia dosage
b. Erythemia ad lib
c. Erythemia ab igne
d. Erythemia pigmentation

c. Erythemia ab igne

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Normal polar formula:

a. ACC>COC>AOC>CCC
b. CCC>ACC>AOC>COC
c. AOC>COC>ACC>CCC
d. CCC>COC>ACC>AOC

b. CCC>ACC>AOC>COC

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During an ultrasound (US) treatment, the patient flinches and states that a strong ache was felt in the treatment area. To address this patient’s concern, it would be BEST to:

a. decrease the US frequency
b.add more transmission medium
c. decrease the US intensity
d. increase the size of the treatment area

c. decrease the US intensity

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Most sensitve to UVR

a. face
b. hands
c. feet
d. Arms

a. face

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High frequency wavelength of 22 meters in short wave diathermy is

a. 27.12 MHz
b. 40 MHz
c. 13.56 MHz
d. none of the above

c. 13.56 MHz

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A natural source of infrared radiation is sunlight. Approximately what percentage of average sunlight is infrared radiation as compared to ultraviolet radiation?

a. 40
b. 50
c. 60
d. 70

c. 60

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Trauma and compromised vascular function may cause excessive amount of body fluids to accumulate in the interstitial spaces. Electrical stimulation to muscles may improve the pumping action and thus improve circulation to the area. The following parameters are used to manage edema, EXCEPT:

a. Waveform: Monophasic HVPC or symmetrical or asymmetrical biphasic pulses with a duration of 200-500 microseconds
b. Pulse rate: greater than 60 pps to produce tetanic contraction
c. Stimulus amplitude: adjusted to produce minimum tolerable contraction
d. Duty cycle: 1:1

c. Stimulus amplitude: adjusted to produce minimum tolerable contraction

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A client uses TENS for modulation. Which set of parameters best describes conventional TENS

a. 50-100, short phase duration, high intensity
b. 50-100, short phase duration, low intensity

b. 50-100, short phase duration, low intensity

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This states that following an ice application, 9-16 minutes of vasoconstriction occurs then 4-6 minutes of vasodilation.

a. Vant Hoff’s Law
b. Rubor’s Law
c. Lewis Hunting Response
d. Boyle’s Law
e. NOTA

c. Lewis Hunting Response

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This law states that pressure exerted by the water on an immersed object is equal on all surface

a. Boyle’s Law
b. Archimedes Principle
c. Pascal’s Law
d. Dalton’s Law
e. NOTA

c. Pascal’s Law

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108°F is equivalent to:

a. 27°C
b. 35°C
c. 42°C
d. 45°C

c. 42°C

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The usual pool size used in aquatic therapy is:

a. 15x30 feet
b. 10x12 feet
c. 8x10 feet
d. 24x30 feet

a. 15x30 feet

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The general temperature of water used in hydrotherapy is:

a. Tepid
b. Warm
c. Hot
d. Neutral

a. Tepid

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You have a 26 y/o female 2 days post hand laceration. The doctor orders paraffin treatments and range of motion. What should be the typical treatment temperature for paraffin?

a. 44°C
b. 30°C
c. 50°C
d. 126°C

a. 44°C

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Which is the correct formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celcius?

a. F=9/5C+32
b. F=9/5C-32
c. C=5/9F+32
d. C=5/9(F-32)

d. C=5/9(F-32)

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What is the primary direction of heat transfer? a. Cold to hot b. Hot to cold c. Equilibrium with no transfer d. Random direction

b. Hot to cold

What fluid is used in fluidotherapy for heat transfer? a. Water b. Hot air c. Oil d. Ice

b. Hot air

Which form of heat transfer does vapocoolant spray use? a. Conduction b. Convection c. Evaporation d. Radiation

c. Evaporation

At what temperature range is therapeutic heating considered effective? a. 25-30°C b. 35-39°C c. 40-44°C d. 45-50°C

c. 40-44°C

What is an important normal body response to heat application? a. Vasodilation b. Vasoconstriction c. Hyperthermia d. Hypotension

a. Vasodilation

Which condition increases risk of burns during heat therapy due to lack of vasodilation? a. Diabetes b. Severe peripheral arterial disease c. Raynaud’s phenomenon d. Cold hypersensitivity

b. Severe peripheral arterial disease

Which pain metabolites are washed away by increased circulation during heat therapy? a. Bradykinin, Histamine, Lactic Acid, Prostaglandins b. Nitric Oxide, Carbon Dioxide, Histamine, Lactic Acid, c. Bradykinin, Histamine, Lactic Acid, Nitric Oxide d. Histamine, Lactic Acid, Prostaglandins, Nitric Oxide

a. Bradykinin, Histamine, Lactic Acid, Prostaglandins

According to Vant Hoff’s Law, metabolism increases how many times for every 10°C rise in temperature? a. 1-1.5x b. 2-3x c. 3-4x d. 4-5x

b. 2-3x

Heating modalities are contraindicated in which pathology? a. Chronic pain b. Malignancy c. Muscle spasm d. Joint stiffness

b. Malignancy

What is the initial dosage for lumbar traction to relieve muscle spasm using split table? a. 10% b. 25% c. 50% d. 75%

b. 25%

Hydrocollator packs contain what substance inside a canvas casing? a. Water b. Silica gel c. Inflatable Sheet d. Oil

b. Silica gel

What is the usual water temperature of a hydrocollator unit? a. 50°C b. 60°C c. 71°C d. 90°C

c. 71°C

How many layers of Turkish towel are typically used as insulation on a hydrocollator pack? a. 2-3 b. 4-5 c. 6-8 d. 10-12

c. 6-8

What is the treatment time for paraffin wax immersion technique? a. 5 mins b. 10 mins c. 15 mins d. 20 mins

d. 20 mins

Which cryotherapy response involves initial vasoconstriction then reflex vasodilation? a. Lewis Hunting Response b. Babinski Response c. Rood’s Response d. Hoffmann Reflex

a. Lewis Hunting Response

What is a contraindication for cryotherapy? a. Muscle spasm b. Cold hypersensitivity c. Acute injury d. Chronic pain

b. Cold hypersensitivity

What is the treatment time limit for cold packs? a. 1-3 mins b. 5-10 mins c. 15-20 mins d. 30 mins

b. 5-10 mins

What cryotherapy technique provides the greatest magnitude of tissue cooling? a. Cold packs b. Ice towels c. Ice massage d. Vapocoolant spray

c. Ice massage

Flurorimethane and Ethylchloride are examples of what? a. Cryotherapy agents b. Vapocoolant sprays c. Paraffin wax components d. Hydrocollator substances

b. Vapocoolant sprays

What is the proper distance for applying vapocoolant spray? a. 6-12 inches b. 12-18 inches c. 18-24 inches d. 24-30 inches

c. 18-24 inches

What is the common angle above the horizontal plane used for vapocoolant spray application? a. 10-15° b. 20-25° c. 30-45° d. 60-75°

c. 30-45°

At the level of the xiphoid process, approximately how much body weight is supported in water? a. 10% b. 33% c. 50% d. 75%

b. 33%

What is the initial dosage of cervical traction as a percentage of body weight? a. 5% b. 7% c. 10% d. 15%

b. 7%

What clinical condition is characterized by increased blood pressure and requires maintaining upright position on a tilt table? a. Orthostatic hypotension b. Myocardial infarction c. Autonomic dysreflexia d. Pulmonary embolism

c. Autonomic dysreflexia

What should be monitored closely every time a patient on a tilt table is elevated? a. SpO2 & BP b. RR & BP c. BP & HR d. RR & HR

c. BP & HR

Which position is more effective for lumbar traction when paired with extension bias exercises? a. Sitting b. Supine without pillow c. Prone without pillow d. Standing

c. Prone without pillow

Where is the highest hydrostatic pressure in an upright immersed position? a. Head b. Chest c. Abdomen d. Foot

d. Foot

What law explains hydrostatic pressure exerted equally at a specific depth in water? a. Newton’s first law b. Pascal’s Law c. Boyle’s Law d. Archimedes’ principle

b. Pascal’s Law

Which property of water provides relative weightlessness during hydrotherapy? a. Surface tension b. Buoyancy c. Viscosity d. Adhesion

b. Buoyancy

How often should patients be checked for skin responses during hydrocollator pack treatment? a. Every 1-2 minutes b. Every 3-5 minutes c. Every 5-10 minutes d. Every 15 minutes

c. Every 5-10 minutes

Which statement about paraffin wax bath is true? a. It uses convection to transmit heat b. It melts at 71°C c. Self-sterilizing point is at 60-65°C d. Wax to oil ratio is 1:7

c. Self-sterilizing point is at 60-65°C

Which of the following is true about the hydrocollator pack water? a. Cloudy water indicates normal use b. Cloudiness suggests leakage of silica gel c. Water temperature should be 50°C d. Packs are soaked for 5 minutes before use

b. Cloudiness suggests leakage of silica gel

What is the effect of cold application on nerve conduction velocity? a. Increases it b. Decreases it c. No effect d. Varies with temperature

b. Decreases it

In hydrotherapy, which tank is used for patients with more than 50% total body surface area burn? a. Extremity tank b. Hubbard tank c. High buoy tank d. Low buoy tank

b. Hubbard tank

size of a standard HMP: a. 3x8" b. 5x10" c. 5x12" d. 10x12"

d. 10x12"

size of a half of a standard HMP: a. 3x8" b. 5x10" c. 5x12" d. 10x12"

c. 5x12"

used when pt cannot tolerate immersion a. Dip & Reimmerse Technique b. Immersion Technique c. Pouring Technique d. Dipping Technique e. Brushing Technique

a. Dip & Reimmerse Technique

most effective PWB technique a. Dip & Reimmerse Technique b. Immersion Technique c. Pouring Technique d. Dipping Technique e. Brushing Technique

b. Immersion Technique

most commonly used PWB technique in the philippines a. Dip & Reimmerse Technique b. Immersion Technique c. Pouring Technique d. Dipping Technique e. Brushing Technique

d. Dipping Technique

ice towel a. 1-5 mins b. 3-5 mins c. >5 mins d. <5 mins e. 3-10 mins

d. <5 mins

Dilated at the beginning, constricted at the end a. wadsworth protocol b. braddom protocol c. both d. neither

b. braddom protocol

Used during the subacute stage of healing a. wadsworth protocol b. braddom protocol c. both d. neither

b. braddom protocol

Used during the acute stage of healing a. wadsworth protocol b. braddom protocol c. both d. neither

d. neither

3 mins hot, 1 min cold a. wadsworth protocol b. braddom protocol c. both d. neither

a. wadsworth protocol

Dilated at the beginning and end a. wadsworth protocol b. braddom protocol c. both d. neither

a. wadsworth protocol

xiphoid process a. 10% BW b. 33% BW c. 40% BW d. 50% BW e. 60% BW

e. 60% BW

Used during the chronic stage of healing a. wadsworth protocol b. braddom protocol c. both d. neither

a. wadsworth protocol

C7 immersion a. 10% BW b. 33% BW c. 40% BW d. 50% BW e. 60% BW

a. 10% BW

ASIS, Umbilicus a. 10% BW b. 33% BW c. 40% BW d. 50% BW e. 60% BW

d. 50% BW

longest tank, allows long sitting a. Extremity Tank b. High Buoy Tank c. Low Buoy Tank d. Hubbard Tank e. Standard Therapeutic Pool

c. Low Buoy Tank

tallest tank, allows short sitting with water at chest level a. Extremity Tank b. High Buoy Tank c. Low Buoy Tank d. Hubbard Tank e. Standard Therapeutic Pool

b. High Buoy Tank

degree if hip flexion for traction of L4-5: a. 30-45 b. 45-60 c. 60-75 d. 75-90

c. 60-75

degree if hip flexion for traction of L3-4: a. 30-45 b. 45-60 c. 60-75 d. 75-90

d. 75-90

degree if hip flexion for traction of L5-S1: a. 30-45 b. 45-60 c. 60-75 d. 75-90

b. 45-60

degree if cervical flexion for traction of C5-C6: a. 5-10 b. 10-15 c. 15-20 d. 20-30

d. 20-30

degree if cervical flexion for traction of C2-C5: a. 5-10 b. 10-15 c. 10-20 d. 20-30

c. 10-20

degree if cervical flexion for traction of C1-2: a. 5-10 b. 10-15 c. 10-20 d. 20-30

a. 5-10

What is the unit of electric current? A) Volt B) Ampere C) Ohm D) Farad

B) Ampere

Which of the following types of current is used in iontophoresis for medication transfer? A) Alternating current B) Monophasic direct constant current C) Sinusoidal current D) Biphasic current

B) Monophasic direct constant current

What is the term for the amount of current intensity needed to produce the minimal muscle contraction? A) Accommodation B) Rheobase C) Chronaxie D) Capacitance

B) Rheobase

According to Ohm's Law, which of the following affects current flow? A) Voltage and capacitance B) Voltage and resistance C) Resistance and capacitance D) Voltage only

B) Voltage and resistance

Which tissue has the highest resistance to electrical current? A) Muscle B) Nerve C) Bone D) Blood

C) Bone

What phenomenon describes the automatic rise in the threshold of excitation due to gradual stimulus intensity increase? A) Accommodation B) Dubois-Reymond’s Law C) Ohm’s Law D) Chronaxie

A) Accommodation

What frequency range defines low-frequency currents used for stimulating sensory nerves? A) 1 - 1000 Hz B) 1000 - 3000 Hz C) 3000 - 6000 Hz D) 10000 Hz and above

A) 1 - 1000 Hz

Which current type is considered 'direct constant' used primarily for drug delivery in iontophoresis? A) Galvanic current B) Faradic current C) Russian current D) Interferential current

A) Galvanic current

Which electrode polarity repels cations during iontophoresis? A) Cathode B) Anode C) Bipolar D) Neutral

B) Anode

Which medication is typically delivered using a negatively charged electrode (cathode) in iontophoresis? A) Magnesium B) Dexamethasone C) Copper sulfate D) Zinc sulfate

C) Copper sulfate

For which condition is dexamethasone commonly used in iontophoresis? A) Muscle spasm B) Inflammation C) Adhesions D) Fungal infection

B) Inflammation

What is the pulse duration of faradic current? A) 1 ms B) 10 ms C) 50 ms D) 100 ms

A) 1 ms

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) works primarily by which mechanism? A) Accommodation B) Open gate theory C) Gate control theory D) Ohm's law

C) Gate control theory

Which type of TENS is best for acute pain with low intensity and high frequency? A) Burst TENS B) Conventional TENS C) Brief intense TENS D) Acupuncture TENS

B) Conventional TENS

What is the typical frequency range for medium-frequency currents like Russian current? A) 1-1000 Hz B) 1000-2000 Hz C) 3000-6000 Hz D) 10000 Hz and above

B) 1000-2000 Hz

Which of the following is a contraindication for TENS therapy? A) Muscle spasm B) Chronic pain C) Pacemaker D) Edema

C) Pacemaker

What frequency range defines high-frequency current used in deep heating modalities? A) 1-1000 Hz B) 1000-2000 Hz C) 3000-6000 Hz D) 10000 Hz and above

D) 10000 Hz and above

Which deep heating modality uses 1 MHz ultrasound frequency? A) Diathermy B) Infrared radiation C) Therapeutic ultrasound D) TENS

C) Therapeutic ultrasound

What is a common contraindication for ultrasound therapy? A) Cancer B) Chronic pain C) Muscle spasm D) Adhesions

A) Cancer

What kind of ultrasound effect involves the formation of gas bubbles? A) Thermal B) Cavitation C) Acoustic streaming D) Vasodilation

B) Cavitation

Which modality uses short wave frequencies like 27.12 MHz for tissue heating? A) Microwave diathermy B) Shortwave diathermy C) Infrared radiation D) Laser therapy

B) Shortwave diathermy

Which of the following is not a contraindication for diathermy? A) Metal implants B) Pregnancy C) Acute injury D) Chronic joint diseases

D) Chronic joint diseases

The pain inhibition in TENS is mainly achieved by activation of which nerve fibers? A) Small diameter fibers B) Large diameter fibers C) Motor nerve fibers D) Sympathetic fibers

B) Large diameter fibers

Which TENS type delivers pulses at 50-250 pps with short phase duration and high intensity? A) Conventional TENS B) Brief intense TENS C) Burst TENS D) Acupuncture TENS

B) Brief intense TENS

In iontophoresis, what type of medication is salicylic acid classified as? A) Anion B) Cation C) Neutral D) Bipolar

A) Anion

Which law states that the driving force of electron flow is voltage? A) Ohm's Law B) Faraday’s Law C) Coulomb’s Law D) Lenz’s Law

A) Ohm's Law

Which current is best suited to stimulate denervated muscles? A) Direct constant current B) Alternating current C) Faradic current D) Sinusoidal current

A) Direct constant current

What is the pulse duration range for short Direct Interrupted Current (DIC)? A) 0.02 - 1 ms B) 1 - 10 ms C) 20 - 50 ms D) 50 - 100 ms

A) 0.02 - 1 ms

What is the phenomenon where a stimulus must exceed threshold suddenly to generate an action potential? A) Accommodation B) Dubois-Reymond's Law C) Rheobase D) Chronaxie

B) Dubois-Reymond's Law

Which electrode circuit is best used for denervated muscles? A) Cathode closing circuit (CCC) B) Anode closing circuit (ACC) C) Anode opening circuit (AOC) D) Cathode opening circuit (COC)

A) Cathode closing circuit (CCC)

arrange the tissues from MOST to LEAST CONDUCTIVITY * Muscle * Bone * Cartilage * Nerve * Tendon * Skin * Blood

Nerve > Blood > Muscle > Skin > Tendon > Cartilage > Bone

used for BOTH pain and inflammation a. NaCl b. Salicylic Acid c. Dexametasone d. Iodide e. Acetic Acid f. Water g. Brass

b. Salicylic Acid

used for Wound & keloid a. NaCl b. Salicylic Acid c. Dexametasone d. Iodide e. Acetic Acid f. Water g. Brass

d. Iodide

used for adhesions d. Iodide b. Salicylic Acid c. Dexametasone d. Iodide e. Acetic Acid f. Water g. Brass

d. Iodide

used for muscle spasm a. Mg b. Hydrocortisone c. Zinc Sulfate d. Lidocaine e. Vinca Alkaloid f. CuSO4

a. Mg

used for Neuropraxia a. Mg b. Hydrocortisone c. Zinc Sulfate d. Lidocaine e. Vinca Alkaloid f. CuSO4

e. Vinca Alkaloid

used for fungal infections a. Mg b. Hydrocortisone c. Zinc Sulfate d. Lidocaine e. Vinca Alkaloid f. CuSO4

f. CuSO4

duty cycle of russian current for edema: a. 1:1 b. 1:5 c. 2:5 d. 5:1

a. 1:1

duty cycle of russian current for increasing ROM: a. 1:1 b. 1:5 c. 2:5 d. 5:1

c. 2:5

duty cycle of ES for muscle re-education: a. 1:1 b. 1:5 c. 2:5 d. 5:1

a. 1:1

duty cycle of ES for muscle atrophy: a. 1:1 b. 1:5 c. 2:5 d. 5:1

b. 1:5

duty cycle of ES for scoliosis: a. 1:1 b. 1:5 c. 2:5 d. 5:1

a. 1:1

laser type used in PT: a. type 1 b. type 2 c. type 3a d. type 3b e. type 4

d. type 3b

[Physical Modalities] Flashcards

(124 cards)