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Psyc Flashcards

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1
Q

Scientific study

A

Behavior and mental process

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2
Q

science-

A

the use of systematic methods to observe the natural world and to draw conclusions

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3
Q

Behavior-

A

Refers to everything that we do that can be directly observed.

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4
Q

Mental Process

A

refers to thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experience privately that cannot be observed directly.

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5
Q

-Goals of Psychology-

A

We want to describe behavior, we want to then be able to predict behavior, and lastly we want to be able to explain behavior.

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6
Q

Psychological Frame of Mind

A

Psychological Frame of Mind

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7
Q

-Critical Thinking

A

Reflecting deeply on something and actively asking questions and evaluating the evidence.

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8
Q

Skepticism

A

refers to challenging whether a supposed fact is actually true. In astrology, there are a lot of things that look scientific. Science is backed by research. Pseudoscience is info that is not backed by sound scientific research.

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9
Q

Objectivity

A

looking at what is actually true using the empirical method

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10
Q

Imperical Method

A

means of gaining knowledge through the observation of events, the collections of data, and logical reasoning.

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11
Q

Curiosity

A

noticing something in the world and wanting to know what it is and why it is that way

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12
Q

Psycology

A

The science of all human behavior

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13
Q

Clinical psychology

A

refers to studying and treating psychological disorders
Positive Psychology-looks at why things go right. Refers to a branch of psychology that emphasizes human strengths.

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14
Q

Roots of psychology

A

Western Philosophy
Biology and Physiology

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15
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

(1832-1920)-credited with creating the discipline of Psychology. First Psychologist.
1879-established 1st psychology lab-Created in Leipzig Germany

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16
Q

Wundt’s Structuralism

A

refers to Wundts approach to discovering the basic elements or structures of mental processes.

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17
Q

Goals

A

to identify structures of the mind

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18
Q

Method

A

Introspection

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19
Q

Introspection definition

A

the process of looking inside our own mind by focusing on own thoughts.

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20
Q

-James Functionalism

A

emphasizes the function and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individuals adaptation of the environment.

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21
Q

Goals

A

to figure out why the mind is the way it is.

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22
Q

What was his focus?

A

Focused on the purpose of thoughts and our human interactions in the outside world

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23
Q

Stream of Consciousness-

A

Our mind is characterized by constant change in response to a continuous flow of information in the world

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24
Q

A core question in functionalism is “___”?

A

Why are human thoughts adaptive?

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25
Charles Darwin
-On the Origin of species Psychology and evolution
26
Natural selection-
refers to Darwins principal of an evolutionary provinces in which organisms that are better adapted to their environment will survive and produce more offspring.
27
-Natural selection-refers to Darwins principal of an evolutionary provinces in which organisms that are better adapted to their environment will survive and produce more offspring.
-Competition within species for scarce resources -Natural selection example would be a brown rabbit vs a white one. The brown one might be less likely to survive than the white one in a snowy environment -In the past, our fight or flight system served as a way to protect us from bears in the woods. And that is why we have fear walking in the woods alone at night.
28
Mary Whiton Calkins
studied under William James at Harvard repeated all of the requirements to get a PHD, they refused to give her PHD because she was a women. She was the first women president of the American Psychological Association in 1905.
29
Charles Henry Turner-
he received his PHD in Zoology in 1907. Even though he was studying Zoology, he was conducting research on insect behavior and learning. He is considered the first black American to conduct psychological research.
30
Inez Beverly Prosser-
Forced to leave her home in Texas in order to go to a PHD Program that allowed her because of segregation in the state. She is known as the first black American women to earn a PHD in Psychology.
31
Biological approach
-definition-approach to Psychology that is focusing in the body especially the brain and the central nervous system.
32
Neuroscience
Refers to the scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system. It emphasizes that the brain and the nervousness system are central to understanding the behavior, though and emotion.
33
Behavioral approach
Definition-Approach to phycology focusing on the scientific study of observable, behavioral responses and their environmental determinant
34
Behavior is the result of
those environmental determanence
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Notable behaviorsts
Ivan Pavlov John Watson B.F. Skinner
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Marry whitton Calvin’s
1905- first women president of the APA
37
Charles Henry turner
1907 he received his PHD in Zoology.
38
Inez-1933
Obtained PHD in psycology.
39
PAVLOV
KNOWN FOR CLASSICAL CONDITIONING AND MAKING A DOG SALIVATE SALIVATE-DROOL.
40
WATSON
PIONEER OF BEHAVIORALISM
41
Gave us information of how we as humans develop___
fears and phobias.
42
Ultimately discovered that
fears and phobias can be taught and learned through our environment.
43
BF Skinner-
known for operant conditioning.
44
Operant Conditionaing-
-Means rewards and punishments from your environment.
45
Psychodynamic
Approach to psychology focusing on unconscious thoughts, the conflict between biological drives, societies demand, and early childhood family experiences
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Who was Psychodynamic founded by?
-founded by Sigmund Freud.
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Psychoanalyses
unlocking unconscious conflicts
48
Humanistic approach
Approach to psychology that is focusing on a persons positive qualities, the capacity to positive growth, and the freedom to choose ones destiny.
49
Humanistic approach-Approach to psychology that is focusing on a persons positive qualities, the capacity to positive growth, and the freedom to choose ones destiny
-Behavior not controlled by environment or unconscious impulses -People have the capacity to choose their behavior-free will
50
Notable Humanistic Theorist
Carl Roger- Ideal self, self-actualization, being able to be the best version of you. Abraham Maslow- Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
51
Cognitive approach-
Approach to psychology focusing on the mental processes involved in knowing
52
Information Processing
How humans interpret incoming information, how we weigh it in our mind, how we store it, and how we apply it.
53
Consciousness
refers to a persons awareness of external events and internal sensations under a condition of arousal. This is including awareness of the self and thoughts about ones experiences.
54
Evolutionary approach
an approach to psychology that is focusing on evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
55
Evelutionary explanations
-Adaption -reproduction -natural selection
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Notable Evolutionary Psychology
-David Buss.
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Sociocultural approach
-Approach of psychology focusing on the ways in which social and cultural environments influence behavior
58
Understanding behavior requires
knowing the cultural context in which the behaviors occurs
59
Comparing cultures
-Between ethnic and cultural groups -within and across countries.
60
Clinical Psychologist
People that have a doctoral degree in psychology, have about 4-5 years of graduate school course work, and one year of internship.
61
Psychiatrist
A physician with a medical degree. They had to go through a lot of years of med school. And they specialized in psychological disorders and psychotherapy.
62
Only psychiatrists can
prescribe medication because they have a medical degree.
63
Only Clinical Psychologist and Psychiatrist
can diagnose.
64
Mind Body connection
-how the mind impacts the body -how the body effects the mind
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