QUIZ

Question 1

– organism living on/in a host, causing harm

Answer 1

Parasite

Question 2

– organism harboring the parasite

Answer 2

Host

Question 3

– often leads to infection or disease

Answer 3

Relationship

Question 4

examines how, when, and why parasitic infections occur in specific populations.

Answer 4

Epidemiology

Question 5

Environmental Factors in Parasites (4)

Answer 5

• Climate (warm, moist conditions favor transmission)
• Poor sanitation
• Presence of vectors/intermediate hosts
• Contaminated water sources

Question 6

Host Factors

Answer 6

• Age (children most affected by STH)
• Nutritional status
• Immunity
• Occupation (e.g., farmers, fishermen)

Question 7

Socioeconomic and Behavioral Factors

Answer 7

• Poverty and overcrowding
• Poor hygiene practices
• Lack of health education
• Food handling and cooking habits

Question 8

Populations at Risk of Contracting Parasites

Answer 8

1. Children (highest burden of STH and protozoan infections)
2. Pregnant women (increased health risks and anemia)
3. Residents of rural or endemic communities
4. Individuals with poor sanitation or unsafe
   water access
5. Farmers, fishermen, and workers exposed to
   contaminated soil or water
6. Immunocompromised individuals (e.g., HIV,
   malnutrition)

Question 9

Modes of Parasite Transmission

Answer 9

1. Fecal-Oral route
2. Skin Penetration
3. Vector-borne transmission
4. Ingestion of undercooked meat/fish
5. Person-to-person / Close contact

Question 10

Fecal–Oral Route
•

Answer 10

Ingestion of parasite eggs or cysts from contaminated food/water
• Ascaris, Trichuris, Giardia

Question 11

Skin Penetration

Answer 11

• Larvae penetrate skin through soil or water
• Ancylostoma, Strongyloides, Schistosoma

Question 12

Vector-Borne Transmission

Answer 12

• Arthropods transmit parasites • Mosquitoes → Plasmodium
• Sandflies → Leishmania

Question 13

Ingestion of Undercooked Meat/Fish

Answer 13

Taenia, Clonorchis, Paragonimus

Question 14

Person-to-Person / Close Contact

Answer 14

Common in protozoan infections • Entamoeba histolytica

Question 15

What is Protozoa

Answer 15

Single-celled organisms
• Cause diseases such as amoebiasis, giardiasis, malaria

Question 16

Helminths

Answer 16

• Multicellular worms
• Includes nematodes (roundworms), cestodes
(tapeworms), trematodes (flukes)

Question 17

Arthropods

Answer 17

• Insects and arachnids that may act as parasites or vectors
• Examples: lice, mites, mosquitoes, fleas

Question 18

Definitive Host

Answer 18

Where the parasite reaches sexual maturity — e.g., Humans for Taenia spp.

Question 19

Intermediate Host

Answer 19

Harbors larval or asexual stages — e.g., Snails for Schistosoma

Question 20

Paratenic Host

Answer 20

Transport host; parasite survives but does not develop

Question 21

Reservoir Host
•

Answer 21

Animals that maintain infection in nature

Question 22

Accidental Host
•

Answer 22

Host not normally part of the life cycle (often humans)

Question 23

involves one organism residing on the outer surfaces of another
(ectoparasites), tapping into its host for essential resources.

Answer 23

Ectoparasitism

Question 24

In _____, the parasites (endoparasites) reside within their host’s body. These internal invaders establish their presence within various organs, often altering the host’s health and functions.

Answer 24

endoparasitism

Question 25

Parasitism –

Answer 25

parasite benefits; host is harmed

Question 26

Commensalism –

Answer 26

parasite benefits; host unaffected

Question 27

– both organisms benefit

Answer 27

Mutualism

Question 28

Infection –

Answer 28

parasite enters and multiplies in the host

Question 29

– parasites on the surface of the body

Answer 29

Infestation

Question 30

– ability to cause disease

Answer 30

Pathogenicity

Question 31

– severity of disease caused

Answer 31

Virulence

Question 32

– organism that transmits parasites

Answer 32

Vector

Question 33

Parasitic Life Cycle

Answer 33

• Egg • Larva / Nymph • Adult

Question 34

Types pf Life Cycles

Answer 34

1. Direct (Monoxenous) 2. Indirect (Heteroxenous)

Question 35

Direct (Monoxenous)

Answer 35

One host only Enterobius, Ascaris

Question 36

Indirect (Heteroxenous)

Answer 36

Two or more hosts Schistosoma, filarial worms

Question 37

Why is understanding the life cycle important?

Answer 37

basis for diagnosis, control, and prevention.

Question 38

How Parasites cause disease

Answer 38

1. Tissue destruction 2. Competition for nutrients 3. Immune response and inflammation 4. Toxin production

Question 39

Parasitic Disease Symptoms

Answer 39

• Diarrhea • Abdominal pain • Anemia • Weight loss • Skin lesions or rashes • Cough (in lung-migrating parasites) • Fever (protozoan infections like malaria)

Question 40

Portals of Entry and Exit

Answer 40

:Entry • Mouth (fecal–oral) • Skin penetration • Vector bite • Inhalation • Ingestion of contaminated food/meat Exit: • Feces • Urine • Blood • Sputum • Skin lesions

Question 41

Treatments •

Answer 41

Antiprotozoals (metronidazole, chloroquine) • Anthelmintics (albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel) • Vector control • Supportive therapy (fluids, nutrition) • Choice of drug depends on parasite species and life stage.

Question 42

Prevention •

Answer 42

Primary Preventive Measures: • Good personal hygiene • Safe water and sanitation • Proper food handling and cooking • Wearing footwear (STH prevention) • Avoiding contaminated water • Mosquito/arthropod control Community Strategies: • Mass drug administration (e.g., deworming programs) • Health education • Environmental sanitation • Surveillance of parasitic diseases