Gradually transferring responsibility to the learner through guided support.
Scaffolding
Example: Demonstrate specimen collection techniques, then supervise students as they perform them independently.
Scaffolding
verbalizing thought processes during problem-solving to model analytical reasoning
Think-Aloud Protocol
Example: While interpreting blood test results. a teacher narrates each step in decision-making
Think-Aloud Protocol
Allowing sufficient time for students to think and respond.
Wait Time
Example: After asking a clinical question. pause to let students formulate thoughtful answers
Wait Time
Breaking down complex content into manageable seaments
Chunking
Example: Teaching hematology in stages: red cells, white cells, then platelets
Chunking
Enhances memory and recall of information.
Use of Mnemonics and Acronyms
Example: Using “COLORS to remember the order of draw in phlebotomy.
Use of Mnemonics and Acronyms
Engages learners with digital platforms and realistic scenarios
Interactive Media and Simulations
Example: Virtual labs for identifying pathogens or running ELISA tests.
Interactive Media and Simulations
Brings spiritual and practical relevance to content.
Real-life Scenarios and Object Lessons
Example: Illustrating purity in lab techniques with the biblical metaphor of cleansing (Psalm 51:10).
Real-Life Scenarios and Object Lessons
Test memory (e a. “What are the components of CBC?”)
Recall Questions
Assess Understanding (eg Why do we perform differential WBC count?)
Comprehension Questions
Encourage practical use (e.g.. “When should you use a tourniquet in venipuncture?
Application Questions
Probe deeper thought (e a. “What would happen if the centrifuge speed is too low?)
Analysis Questions
Require combining ideas (e.g., “How would you design a lab protocol for a new test?”)
Synthesis Questions
Promote judgment ( e.g., which technique is best for minimizing cross-contamination and why?”)
Evaluation Questions
Strategies for Effective Questioning
Pose open-ended questions
Avoid yes/no formats
Use follow-ups to deepen responses
Encourage peer-to-peer questioning
Include spiritual and ethical angles in reflective questions
The Value of Obiectives:
Guide the selection and handling of course materials
Help determine whether people in the class have learned what the teacher has tried to teach
Obiectives are essential from the learner’s perspective. The need to know more about a course than they can get from a course description or a list of course content.)
SMART definition
Specific
Measurable
Attainable
Relevant
Time bound
you must tell exactly what is expected, why is it important who is Involved, where is it going to happen, and which attributes are important
Specific