CLS INTERNSHIP > RBC Structure & Function > Flashcards

RBC Structure & Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Shape of RBC?

A

Biconcave disc

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2
Q

Average RBC size?

A

7–8 µm

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3
Q

RBC lifespan?

A

120 days

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4
Q

Main function of RBC?

A

Transport O₂

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5
Q

Why no nucleus in RBC?

A

More space for hemoglobin

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6
Q

RBC membrane made of what 3 components?

A

Protein, lipid, carbohydrate

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7
Q

% protein in membrane?

A

~52%

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8
Q

% lipid in membrane?

A

~40%

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9
Q

% carbohydrate in membrane?

A

~8%

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10
Q

3 lipid types in RBC membrane?

A

Phospholipids, cholesterol, glycolipids

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11
Q

Name one phospholipid in RBC membrane

A

Phosphatidylcholine (PC) (also PE, PS, PI, SM)

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12
Q

Hemoglobin composed of?

A

Heme + globin

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13
Q

Iron form that binds O₂?

A

Fe²⁺ (Ferrous)

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14
Q

Primary function of hemoglobin?

A

Carry O₂

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15
Q

Hb with Fe³⁺?

A

Methemoglobin

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16
Q

Hb bound to CO?

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

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17
Q

Hb with sulfur?

A

Sulfhemoglobin

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18
Q

Hb F globin chains?

A

α₂γ₂ (alpha and gamma)

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19
Q

Hb A globin chains?

A

α₂β₂

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20
Q

Hb A₂ globin chains?

A

α₂δ₂ (alpha and delta)

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21
Q

CO₂ mainly transported as?

A

Bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻)

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22
Q

Enzyme for CO₂ → HCO₃⁻?

A

Carbonic anhydrase

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23
Q

Left shift means?

A

↑ O₂ affinity

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24
Q

Right shift means?

A

↓ O₂ affinity

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25
EPO produced where?
Kidney
26
EPO stimulates what?
RBC production
27
Main cell that destroys RBCs?
Macrophages
28
Main organ for RBC destruction?
Spleen
29
Hb dimers bind to?
Haptoglobin
30
↓ haptoglobin indicates?
Hemolysis
31
What does RBC membrane regulate?
Ion exchange + metabolism
32
What important molecule is stored in RBC?
2,3-BPG
33
What gives RBC strength + flexibility?
Membrane + cytoskeleton
34
RBC membrane is permeable to what?
Water + anions
35
RBC membrane NOT permeable to?
Cations
36
How does glucose enter RBC?
Transporter (no ATP)
37
RBC needs energy for what?
Membrane integrity + ion pumps
38
Why keep iron reduced?
to bind O₂
39
What triggers EPO release?
Hypoxia
40
Main regulator of RBC production?
EPO
41
EPO minor origin?
liver
42
EPO acts on which cells?
BFU-E, CFU-E
43
EPO effect on reticulocytes?
Early release
44
What is “erythron”?
All RBC stages in body
45
% RBC destruction extravascular?
~90%
46
Main destruction cells?
Macrophages
47
Iron from Hb goes where?
Transferrin → marrow
48
Heme breakdown product?
bilirubin
49
% intravascular hemolysis?
5–10%
50
Hb dimers bind what?
Haptoglobin
51
↓ haptoglobin means?
Hemolysis
52
Hb made of how many subunits?
4
53
Globin chain types?
α, β, γ, δ
54
Hb can carry how much O₂?
1.34 mL/g
55
Hb % of RBC dry weight?
~90%
56
↑ 2,3-BPG → shift?
Right
57
↓ pH → shift?
Right
58
↓ temperature → shift?
left
59
3 nonfunctional Hbs?
COHb, MetHb, SulfHb
60
CO affinity vs O₂?
>200x higher
61
MetHb iron state?
Fe³⁺
62
SulfHb characteristic?
irreversible
63
Gower I globin chains
2 zeta 2 epsilon
64
Gower II globin chains
2 alpha 2 epsilon
65
portland globin chains
2 zeta 2 gamma
66
Hemoglobin F globin chains
2 alpha 2 gamma
67
hemoglobin a globin chains
2 alpha 2 beta
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