Vit & Trace Elements

Question 1

what vit def causes Night blindness, Bitot spots, keratomalacia

Answer 1

Vit A

Question 2

Vitamin A – main role (2)

Answer 2

Vision, epithelial differentiation

Question 3

what vit def causes Rickets (kids), osteomalacia (adults)

Answer 3

vit D

Question 4

Vitamin D – main role

Answer 4

Calcium & phosphate homeostasis

Question 5

what vit def causes Hemolytic anemia (esp. fat malabsorption)

Answer 5

vit e

Question 6

Vitamin E – main role (2)

Answer 6

Antioxidant; protects RBC membranes

Question 7

what vit def causes Prolonged PT, bleeding

Answer 7

Vit k

Question 8

Vitamin K – main role

Answer 8

Activates clotting factors

Question 9

what vit def causes Beriberi

Answer 9

vit B1

Question 10

Vitamin B1 – main role

Answer 10

Energy metabolism (decarboxylation)

Question 11

what vit def causes Angular stomatitis, cheilosis

Answer 11

vit B2

Question 12

Vitamin B2 – main role

Answer 12

Redox reactions (FAD, FMN)

Question 13

what vit def causes Pellagra (diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia)

Answer 13

vit b3

Question 14

Vitamin B3 – main role

Answer 14

NAD / NADP synthesis

Question 15

what vit def causes Seizures, anemia, dermatitis

Answer 15

vit b6

Question 16

Vitamin B6 – main role

Answer 16

Amino acid metabolism

Question 17

what vit def causes Megaloblastic anemia, neural tube defects

Answer 17

folate

Question 18

Folate – main role

Answer 18

DNA synthesis, one-carbon transfer

Question 19

what vit def causes Megaloblastic anemia + neurologic symptoms

Answer 19

vit b12

Question 20

Vitamin B12 – main role

Answer 20

Hematopoiesis, neurologic function

Question 21

what vit def causes Scurvy

Answer 21

vit c

Question 22

Vitamin C – main role (2)

Answer 22

Collagen synthesis, iron absorption

Question 23

Fat-soluble vitamins

Answer 23

A, D, E, K

Question 24

Water-soluble vitamins

Answer 24

B-complex, C

Question 25

Vitamin D – chemical forms

Answer 25

D₂ (ergocalciferol), D₃ (cholecalciferol)

Question 25

Vitamin A – chemical forms

Answer 25

Retinol, retinal, retinoic acid

Question 26

Vitamin E – active form

Answer 26

α-tocopherol

Question 27

Vitamin K – chemical class

Answer 27

Quinone derivatives

Question 28

Vitamin C – chemical name

Answer 28

Ascorbic acid

Question 29

Vitamin B12 – chemical name

Answer 29

Cyanocobalamin

Question 30

Direct vitamin assay measures

Answer 30

vit conc

Question 31

Indirect vitamin assay measures

Answer 31

biologic effect

Question 32

Fat-soluble vitamin measurement tests

Answer 32

HPLC or LC-MS/MS

Question 33

Vitamin K status test

Answer 33

Prothrombin time (PT)

Question 34

Vitamin B12 indirect markers

Answer 34

↑ Methylmalonic acid (MMA) ↑ Homocysteine

Question 35

Best test for long-term folate status

Answer 35

RBC folate

Question 36

Fat-soluble vitamin absorption requires

Answer 36

bile

Question 37

Fat-soluble vitamin absorption with what

Answer 37

fat

Question 38

Fat-soluble vitamin storage

Answer 38

Liver/adipose (toxicity risk)

Question 39

Water-soluble vitamin absorption

Answer 39

Diffusion or active transport

Question 40

Water-soluble vitamin excretion

Answer 40

renal

Question 41

Iron deficiency causes

Answer 41

Microcytic anemia

Question 42

Iron toxicity causes

Answer 42

Hemochromatosis

Question 43

Copper deficiency

Answer 43

Anemia, neutropenia

Question 44

Copper toxicity causes

Answer 44

Wilsons disease

Question 45

Chromium (Cr³⁺) function

Answer 45

enhances insulin action

Question 46

Chromium (Cr⁶⁺)

Answer 46

Toxic, carcinogenic

Question 47

Lead toxicity causes

Answer 47

↓ IQ in children, anemia

Question 48

Aluminum toxicity causes

Answer 48

Dialysis encephalopathy

Question 49

Arsenic toxicity causes

Answer 49

GI distress, neuropathy

Question 50

Cadmium toxicity causes

Answer 50

Renal damage, weak bones

Question 51

Mercury toxicity causes

Answer 51

Neurotoxicity

Question 52

Trace element collection tube

Answer 52

royal blue top

Question 53

Most common trace element error

Answer 53

contamination

Question 54

Best specimen for lead

Answer 54

whole blood

Question 55

Best specimen for arsenic

Answer 55

Urine

Question 56

Why avoid standard tubes for trace element collection

Answer 56

Rubber stoppers contaminate samples