Leik > Respiratory > Flashcards

Respiratory Flashcards

(61 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Height
Age
Sex

HAS

A

Influences peak expiratory flow rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which of the following is true regarding tuberculosis (TB)?

A

B. It is a reportable disease.

TB is a reportable disease; the nurse practitioner should contact the local health department for contact tracing after diagnosis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the duration of treatment for tuberculosis?

A
  • 4 months
  • 6 months
  • 9 months

Treatment regimens consist of multidrug therapy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

True or false: Treatment is required for both active and latent TB.

A

TRUE

Both active and latent forms of the disease require treatment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are examples of restrictive lung diseases?

A
  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Pleural disease
  • Diaphragm obstruction

These conditions lead to a decrease in lung volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are examples of obstructive lung diseases?

A
  • Asthma
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
  • Bronchiectasis

Obstructive lung diseases are characterized by a reduction in airflow rates.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What imaging techniques are used for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia?

A
  • Posteroanterior chest x-ray
  • Lateral chest x-ray

Diagnosis is based on imaging findings in conjunction with symptoms like fever, dyspnea, cough, and sputum production.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some associated symptoms of community-acquired pneumonia?

A
  • Fever
  • Dyspnea
  • Cough
  • Sputum production

These symptoms are important for the diagnosis alongside imaging findings.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

First line for CAP and no recent antibiotic use?

A

Amoxicillin

According to guidelines, monotherapy with amoxicillin is indicated as first-line treatment for otherwise healthy adults under 65.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which diagnosis is consistent with the patient’s symptoms and chest x-ray findings?

A

Community-acquired pneumonia

The patient presents with fever, productive cough, and a right middle lobe infiltrate on chest x-ray.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

According to the American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines, what is the second-line alternative treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?

A
  • Doxycycline
  • Macrolide (if local resistance rates <25%)

These alternatives are considered when amoxicillin is not suitable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For patients with comorbidities or recent antibiotic use, what is the recommended treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?

A

Amoxicillin-clavulanate and macrolide like “mycin”

This recommendation applies to patients aged 65 years or older or those with recent antibiotic use.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What combination therapy is indicated for patients with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to a general medical unit?

A
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Macrolide (e.g., azithromycin)

This is indicated without suspicion for Pseudomonas or other drug-resistant pathogens.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What respiratory condition is suggested by the symptoms of sudden episodes of coughing and posttussive vomiting in a child with an unknown vaccination history?

A

Pertussis

The classic presentation of pertussis includes paroxysms of coughing, an inspiratory whoop, and posttussive vomiting, particularly in unvaccinated children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which symptom is specifically associated with pertussis?

A

Inspiratory whoop

This symptom is a key feature that distinguishes pertussis from other respiratory conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the key symptoms of pertussis.

A
  • Paroxysms of coughing
  • Inspiratory whoop
  • Posttussive vomiting

These symptoms are particularly noted in unvaccinated children.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is considered a positive tuberculin skin test reaction size in a patient who received a liver transplant?

A

> 5 mm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In what context is a tuberculin skin test reaction size of >10 mm considered positive?

A
  • Incarcerated patients
  • Patients with diabetes mellitus
  • Healthy patients younger than 4 years
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Considered positive Tuberculin >15

A

Healthy adults

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which sound is typically heard over normal lung tissue?

A

D. Resonance

Resonance is the hollow sound heard over normal lung tissue filled with air.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What sound is normally heard over solid areas such as bones?

A

C. Flatness

Flatness is associated with solid areas and is abnormal over lung tissue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the characteristic of tympany?

A

A loud and high-pitched drumlike sound

Tympany is normally heard when percussing across the abdomen and is abnormal in the chest wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the recommended oral antibiotic for pertussis treatment?

A

Azithromycin for 5 days

Azithromycin is given empirically once there is clinical suspicion of pertussis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the key symptoms of pertussis?

A
  • Cough lasting at least 2 weeks
  • Paroxysms of coughing
  • Inspiratory whoop
  • Posttussive emesis

These symptoms indicate a high likelihood of pertussis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
True or false: **Pertussis** is highly contagious.
TRUE ## Footnote Empiric antibiotic therapy is recommended due to its contagious nature.
26
When should **antibiotic therapy** be initiated for pertussis?
Once there is clinical suspicion without awaiting diagnostic testing ## Footnote Antibiotics are recommended for all patients presenting within 3 weeks of cough onset.
27
What are the **alternative antibiotics** for pertussis?
* Clarithromycin * Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole ## Footnote Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is an alternative for patients who cannot take macrolides.
28
For which patients are antibiotics recommended after **3 weeks** of cough onset?
* Pregnant patients * Immunocompromised adults ## Footnote These groups are at higher risk for complications from pertussis.
29
30
Group A
Few symptoms; do not experience activity limitations. Low risk of exacerbations. Treatment: bronchodilator (prefer LABA OR LAMA)
31
Group B
More frequent day-to-day symptoms; may experience activity limitations. Remain lower risk of exacerbations. Treatment: LABA AND LAMA
32
Group E
Significant risk for exacerbations (or history of exacerbation-related hospitalizations in the last year). Refer out in primary care (pulm may order LABA+LAMA+ICS)
33
What type of **breath sound** is described as soft intensity, low pitched, with a rustling quality during inspiration?
Vesicular ## Footnote Vesicular breath sounds are heard bilaterally over most of the peripheral lung fields.
34
Which breath sound is characterized by being louder and higher in pitch, typically heard over the lower aspect of the trachea?
Bronchial ## Footnote Bronchial breath sounds are not heard in peripheral lung fields.
35
True or false: **Bronchovesicular** breath sounds are of intermediate intensity and pitch.
TRUE ## Footnote They are heard over major bronchi in the midchest area or between the scapula.
36
Fill in the blank: **Tracheal** breath sounds are of the highest and loudest pitch and are heard over the _______.
upper aspect of the trachea ## Footnote Tracheal breath sounds are typically heard over the anterior aspect of the neck.
37
TB infection** typically experience
* No symptoms * Cannot spread TB to others * Usually has a positive TB skin test reaction or positive TB blood test * May develop TB disease if untreated ## Footnote A patient with TB infection is asymptomatic and non-contagious.
38
What are the characteristics of a **patient with TB disease**?
* Active TB bacteria * Contagious * Symptomatic * Usually has a positive TB skin test reaction * Positive TB blood test * Abnormal chest x-ray * Positive sputum
39
True or false: A patient with TB infection is **contagious**.
FALSE ## Footnote Patients with TB infection do not spread TB to others.
40
Used to assess the severity of asthma
Peak flow meter or a spirometry
41
First line treatment for asthma exacerbation
Albuterol
42
CDC guidelines regarding adult 65 years or older, who are not immune compromise and who have previously received only PPSV23
 should receive a single dose of PCV20 or or PCV15
43
If **PCV15** is used, what should follow next
PPSV23 one year later
44
If PPSV 23 was given first then PCV 20 should be administered at least one year after the PPSV 23
45
Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for what ages with certain medical condition such as chronic lung disease, COPD, asthma, and emphysema immunocompromise conditions
Adult ages 19 through 64 
46
Diagnostic test to detect tuberculosis
Sputum culture and sensitivity
47
air appear in imaging
A. Black ## Footnote Air is low density so less is absorbed, leading to a dark, black color.
48
What color do **bones** appear as in imaging?
White to gray ## Footnote Bones have a higher density, resulting in a lighter appearance.
49
What color do **metals** appear as in imaging due to high absorption?
Bright white ## Footnote Metals absorb more radiation, making them appear bright white.
50
What do **tissue and fluid** appear as in imaging?
Different shades of gray ## Footnote Tissue and fluid have varying densities, resulting in shades of gray.
51
Whispered voice sounds clear and loud
Consolidation in the suggestive of pneumonia
52
Name two bacteria associated with respiratory infections in patients with COPD.
* Haemophilus influenzae * Streptococcus pneumoniae ## Footnote These organisms are often found in patients with compromised lung function.
53
Possible adverse effect of isoniazid therapy
Peripheral neuropathy Ataxia Paresthesia
54
What does **MAD-Lung** stand for in the context of pneumonia treatment?
* M - Macrolide * A - Amoxicillin * D - Doxycycline * L - Levofloxacin ## Footnote This acronym helps remember the treatment options.
55
What are the **treatment options** for patients with significant comorbidities or with antibiotic use in the last 90 days?
* Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) + a macrolide * Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) + doxycycline (Vibramycin) * A respiratory fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin) ## Footnote These options are tailored for patients with more complex health issues.
56
What is the **gold standard diagnostic test** for asthma?
Spirometry ## Footnote Spirometry specifically looks at the FEV1 before and after a bronchodilator.
57
What does **FEV1** stand for in the context of asthma diagnosis?
Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second ## Footnote It is a key measurement in spirometry for assessing lung function.
58
Step 1
Patient has rare symptoms (1-2 times/month) • Preferred treatment: • Low-dose ICS+formoterol as needed
59
Step 2
More frequent symptoms (but not most days of the week) • Preferred treatment: • Low-dose ICS+formoterol as needed
60
Step 3
• Patient experiencing symptoms most days of the week • Preferred treatment: • Low-dose ICS-formoterol daily
61
Step 4
• Symptoms every single day • Preferred treatment: Medium-dose ICS-formoterol daily Consider referral to pulmonology
Leik
flashcards
Decks in class (21)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions