Science Section II

Question 1

What do we measure energy in?

Answer 1

joules

Question 2

Who made the laws of thermodynamics?

Answer 2

William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)

Question 3

Can a substance contain heat?

Answer 3

No, it can only absorb it

Question 4

What did scientists first think heat being exchanged between things was called?

Answer 4

phlogiston

Question 5

What is temperature?

Answer 5

the kinetic energy of atoms in a substance

Question 6

How does heat flow between substances? (from what substance to another)

Answer 6

it goes from the warmer substances to the cooler substances

Question 7

What is the 2nd law of thermodynamics?

Answer 7

heat always flows from warmer to colder

Question 8

What is the 3rd law of thermodynamics?

Answer 8

no substance can ever reach a temperature of 0, since they can never stop moving

Question 9

What is gravitational potential energy?

Answer 9

energy from an object’s position in the gravitational field

Question 10

What is electric potential energy?

Answer 10

energy from an object’s position in an electrical field

Question 11

What is electric potential?

Answer 11

electric potential energy divided by its charge

Question 12

What is voltage?

Answer 12

differences in electric potential

Question 13

What is electric potential measured in? (also voltage)

Answer 13

volts

Question 14

What is a volt?

Answer 14

joules per coloumb

Question 15

What measures voltage?

Answer 15

a voltometer

Question 16

Are electric potential and voltage the same thing?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

What is W and h in this formula? ∆E = W × h

Answer 17

W = weight
h = height

Question 18

What is indicated when equipotential lines are close together?

Answer 18

It indicates a strong electric field

Question 19

Who is the unit for voltage named after?

Answer 19

Alessandro Volta

Question 20

What is Alessandro Volta credited with inventing?

Answer 20

the closest the thing to a modern battery

Question 21

What were non-contemporary batteries called?

Answer 21

“piles”

Question 22

The term “battery” inspired Benjamin Franklin to do what?

Answer 22

connect multiple Leyden Jars together

Question 23

What are “piles”?

Answer 23

multiple Leyden Jars connected together

Question 24

The word “piles” is used in what types of languages?

Answer 24

non-english

Question 25

When was the battery made?

Answer 25

1780s

Question 26

Who were the people that made the battery?

Answer 26

Lucia and Luigi Galvani

Question 27

What were Lucia and Luigi Galvani's occupation?

Answer 27

scientists

Question 28

What was Lucia and Luigi Galvani's relationship towards each other?

Answer 28

they were married

Question 29

What were the Galvani's experimenting on?

Answer 29

a frog

Question 30

What happened to the frog that the Galvani's were experimenting on?

Answer 30

the frog's body suddenly jolted

Question 31

Why did the frog's body suddenly jolt in the Galvani's experiments?

Answer 31

the body touched two different metals

Question 32

Did the electric shock just occur with frogs?

Answer 32

No

Question 33

What is Galvanism?

Answer 33

the debate on whether electricity represented the first scientific explanation of the mysterious life force

Question 34

What did the Galvanis conclude from the experiment?

Answer 34

the movement from the dead frog was due to the electricity in it

Question 35

What did Volta conclude from the Galvani's experiment?

Answer 35

the electricity came from the metals, not from the frog

Question 36

How did Volta try and prove his theory?

Answer 36

he made a small pile of silver and zinc sheets, with layers of cardboard soaked in saltwater in between

Question 37

How much voltage did Volta create from his experiment?

Answer 37

up to 30 volts

Question 38

Was a creature required for Volta's experiment?

Answer 38

No

Question 39

Who was right, Volta or the Galvani's?

Answer 39

Both

Question 40

What was really happening in the Galvani's experiment?

Answer 40

the acids were dissolving the metals in the frog's skin, making one of the metals positive, and one of them negative

Question 41

What was Giovani Aldini's relation to the Galvanis?

Answer 41

he was their nephew

Question 42

Who was the first to show that the left hemisphere of the brain controls the right side of the body and vice versa?

Answer 42

Giovani Aldini

Question 43

How did Aldini find his discovery?

Answer 43

he connected the Galvanic piles to the severed heads of various animals as well as dead criminals

Question 44

Who was the first to show that electroshock therapy could potentially cure depression?

Answer 44

Giovani Aldini

Question 45

What does the phrase "galvanize" mean?

Answer 45

to inspire someone to take action

Question 46

Where did the phrase "galvanize" come from?

Answer 46

Giovani Aldini's experiments

Question 47

What is a battery by present-day standards?

Answer 47

any device that maintains a constant voltage by keeping two collections of positive and negative charge separate from each other

Question 48

How many rods of zinc do disposable batteries use?

Answer 48

2

Question 49

What materials are in disposable batteries?

Answer 49

zinc, carbon, and sulfuric acid

Question 50

What does the sulfuric acid do to the zinc in disposable batteries?

Answer 50

the acid dissolves the zinc