Psychology > Study Guide 12 - Personality > Flashcards

Study Guide 12 - Personality Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

ID

A
  • Freud’ idea

- the devil that wants immediate pleasure

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2
Q

Ego

A
  • Freud’s idea
  • a combination of the Devil and angel
  • in touch with reality and makes compromises
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3
Q

Superego

A
  • freuds idea
  • the angel!
  • a moral guide
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4
Q

Iceberg Analogy

A
  • Freud thought that the conscious mind was relatively small
  • conscious: what we are aware of
  • preconscious: not aware of but retrievable
  • unconscious: not aware of and not retrievable
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5
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

-ways to protect ourselves from anxiety cause by conflict between ID, ego, and superego

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6
Q

Repression

A

-purposefully forgetting a bad memory

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7
Q

Rationalization

A

-making excuses

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8
Q

Projection

A
  • blaming others

- everyone has the same problems that I do

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9
Q

Regression

A

-going backward, returning to old behaviors

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10
Q

Denial

A

-not admitting to something

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11
Q

Reaction-formation

A

-feeling one way and expressing yourself in the opposite way

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12
Q

Displacement

A

-redirecting ones anger

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13
Q

Intellectualization

A

-stifling emotion with logic or reason

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14
Q

Sublimation

A

-to channel impulses

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15
Q

Psychosexual development

A
  • Freud believed that identity and personality are related to our sex drive
  • conflicts between sex drive and society with a resolution leading to progression through development
  • disorders are evidence that an individual was never able to find a resolution and is stuck in a stage
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16
Q

Oral

A
  • 0-1.5

- breast offers food and love

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17
Q

Anal

A
  • 1.5-3

- potty training gives toddlers a sense of power

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18
Q

Phallic

A
  • 4-5

- children are attracted to the parent of the opposite sex

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19
Q

Latency

A
  • 5-puberty

- sexual feelings are suppressed

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20
Q

Genital

A
  • puberty

- renewed sexual interest

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21
Q

Fixations

A
  • Freud thought that unresolved internal conflicts lead to fixation in a certain stage
  • ex) oral fixation = smoking
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22
Q

Free Association

A
  • when Freud would ask patients to name the first thing that came to mind
  • used to tap the unconscious
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23
Q

Dream Analysis

A
  • Freud used this method to analyze the unconscious
  • manifest = story line of dream
  • latent = underlying meaning of dream
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24
Q

Freudian Slip

A

-an error in speech, memory, or behavior that is believed to be caused by unconscious mind

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25
Penis Envy
-women were incomplete men and wanted a penis
26
Jung
- psychodynamic | - mythology and ancient cultures
27
Collective Unconscious
- Jung | - stores all of humanity's common stories, memories, and urges
28
Archetypes
- Jung - universal ideas - ex) hero figure
29
Introversion/Extroversion
- Jung - introversion: shy - extroversion: social and outgoing
30
Individuation
- Jung | - we strive toward stabilizing our personality by moderating extroversion and introversion
31
Adler
- inferior - future - striving for superiority: behavior driven by efforts to overcome childhood inferiority
32
Style of Life
- Adler - unique set of motives, actions, values and interests - in order to overcome inferiority
33
Fictional Finalisms
- expectations that motivate people | - Adler
34
Inferiority Complex
- Adler | - being small and incapable as a child leads to feelings of inferiority
35
Birth Order
- Adler | - order you're born in effects personality
36
Horney
- anxiety | - women
37
Basic Anxiety
- Horney - everyone has a basic anxiety in childhood that disrupts our security - leads to neurosis (mild mental illness)
38
Erikson
- social | - identity
39
Identity Crisis
- Erikson - time during which people decide who they are - a solution must be found in all 8 stages in order to form a firm identity
40
Bandura
-Bobo doll study
41
Reciprocal Determinism/Triadic Reciprocity Model
-behavior, environment, and personal factors all account and Effect personality
42
Self Efficacy
- important personal factor - beliefs about your own abilities - performance standard
43
Observational Learning
-learn behaviors by observing and imitating others
44
Rotter
- personality is a stable set of responses to situations | - learning creates expectations
45
Locus of control
- internal: WE control our success and failures | - external: what happens to us is decided by fate
46
Learned Helplessness
-when you aren't able to avoid bad events you become passive and give up
47
Mischel and person-situation theory
- everyone had unique beliefs, feelings, and expectations (cognitive variables) - to predict behavior know cognitive variables and situation
48
Allport
-traits combine into 1 personality
49
Cardinal traits
- allport | - 1 defining trait
50
Primary Traits
- allport | - major characteristics
51
Secondary Traits
- allport - representation of attitudes - ex) nervous to give a talk, but not a defining trait
52
Catell
- certain clusters of traits represent a basic part of personality - 16 basic source Traits (fundamental)
53
Eysenck
-3 different source Traits based on biology
54
3 Personality Dimensions
- Eysenck - introversion to extroversion - neuroticism to emotionally stable - psychotisism
55
5 Factor Model (OCEAN)
- openness (creativity) - conscientiousness (organized) - extraversion - agreeableness - neuroticism (anxious, tense, worried)
56
Type A vs. Type B
-type A high strung, anxious while type B is more relaxed
57
Libido
-Freud's idea of the sexual energy that drives us
58
Personal Interviews
- structured with set questions | - unstructured which is basically a normal convo
59
Observation
- looking at someone's behaviors | - doesn't rely on self-report but is expensive
60
Objective Tests
- given and scored according to standard procedures - relies on self report - ex) 16 PFQ
61
Projective Tests
- ambiguous stimuli draw out an unlimited number of responses that reveal something about the unconscious - ex) ink blot
62
Reliability vs. Validity
- R: does it produce consistent scores | - V: does it test what it is supposed to
63
Actualizing Tendency
- Rogers | - humans are inclined toward growth and fulfillment
64
Fully Functioning Person
- Rogers | - exploring, match between real and idealized self, in touch with feelings and abilities, trust instincts
65
Self Concept
- our feelings and thoughts about ourselves | - real vs. ideal selves
66
Positive Regard
- warmth and love from a significant other - conditional: love dependent on acting a certain way - unconditional: full acceptance regardless
67
Maslow Hierarchy of Needs
- hierarchy of motives | - distracted from self actualization because focused on lower level needs
68
Womb Envy
- horney - reaction against penis envy - men jealous of women's nurturing abilities
69
Humanistic
- people are inherently good - have free will and are responsible for their lives - can grow psychologically
70
Person Variables
- Mischel - unique and used to predict behavior - competencies: smarts/social skills - perceptions: ppl perceive events differently - expectations: expected results of different behavior - subject values: value of each possible outcome - self regulation and plan: rules ppl use to regulate their behavior
71
Object relations
- part of psychodynamic | - studies how important relationships affect psychological health
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