Study Guide 9 - Intelligence

Question 1

Intelligence

Answer 1

• ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt
• varies between cultures

Question 2

Spearman’ Theory

Answer 2

• a general intelligence (g)
• underlies all intelligence
• DOES matter!
• predicts performance on complex tasks

Question 3

Gardner’s 8 intelligences

Answer 3

• intelligence is many abilities
• spatial
• bodily
• intrapersonal (self awareness, introspection, aware of their emotions)
• interpersonal (interaction with others)
• naturalist
• linguistic
• logical
• musical

Question 4

Savant Syndrome

Answer 4

-person with limited intelligence has one incredible skill

Question 5

Reification

Answer 5

-error of viewing intelligence as a physical object you “have”

Question 6

Thurstone’s Theory of Intelligence

Answer 6

• mental abilities (book smarts)
• intelligence is a range of abilities
• verbal, numerical, memory, inductive reasoning, perceptual speed, verbal fluency, spatial
• good at one more likely to be good at the rest

Question 7

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Answer 7

• analytical (school)
• creative
• practical (street smarts)

Question 8

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 8

-ability to understand, interpret and control emotions

Question 9

Goleman’s Theory of Emotional Intelligence

Answer 9

• ability to understand, interpret, and control emotion

- use emotion to enable adaptive and creative thinking

Question 10

Mental vs. chronological age

Answer 10

-mental age: level of performance typically associated with a certain chronological age (age in years)

Question 11

Stanford-Binet Test

Answer 11

• Terman revised and standardized Binet’s test for an American sample
• from this came the IQ formula

Question 12

IQ

Answer 12

-mental age/chronological age X100

Question 13

WAIS and WISC

Answer 13

• Wechsler test for adults (WAIS) and children (WISC)
• administered individually
• gives overall score and separate scores for verbal and performance (15 subtests measure verbal comprehension, perceptual organization, memory and processing speed)

Question 14

Aptitude Test

Answer 14

-designed to gauge a person’s ability to learn (SAT)

Question 15

Achievement Test

Answer 15

-measures how much a person has learned (AP test)

Question 16

Standardization

Answer 16

-comparing your score to a representative sample’s score to determine your intelligence relative to other people’s

Question 17

Reliability

Answer 17

-a test is reliable if it yields dependable consistent scores

Question 18

Validity

Answer 18

-if a test measures what it is supposed to measure

Question 19

Predictive validity

Answer 19

-if Test is a good indicator of future performance

Question 20

Content Validity

Answer 20

-the extent to which the test samples the behavior that is of interest

Question 21

Normal Curve

Answer 21

• the bell shape Distribution that describes many psychological traits
• most ppl are average with fewer ppl towards the end
• 68% of data within 1 St. Deviation, 95% within 2 St. Deviations, 99.8% within 3 St. Deviations
• Z score: X-mean/St. Deviation

Question 22

Flynn Effect

Answer 22

-worldwide test scores are improving

Question 23

Stereotype Threat

Answer 23

-when a group is told their performance is worse than another groups they will perform worse

Question 24

Culture Fair Testing

Answer 24

-a Test that measures IQ and is not biased based on culture differences

Question 25

Creativity

Answer 25

- expertise - imaginative thinking - adventurous personality - intrinsic motivation - creative environment - defined as the ability to produce new and valuable ideas

Question 26

ABD - fluid and crystallized Intelligence

Answer 26

-alike because both differ depending on age -different because FLUID: ability to reason quickly and abstractly, decreases in 20s and 30s CRYSTALLIZED: accumulated knowledge, increases in old age

Question 27

ABD - validity and reliability

Answer 27

- alike because Good tests meet both of these requirements - different because VALIDITY is the extend to which a Test measures what it's supposed to and RELIABILITY is if a Test yields consistent scores

Question 28

ABD - stereotype threat and culture fair Test

Answer 28

- alike because both are difficulties that arise with intelligence and culture - different because STEREOTYPE THREAT is the phenomenon that if a group is told they will perform worse they will and CULTURE FAIR TEST is a test that ensures that it is not biased based on culture

Question 29

Split-Half Reliability

Answer 29

- a way to see if different test items for the same topic produce the same result - determine correlation between two sets of questions about the same topic

Question 30

Inter-Rate Reliability

Answer 30

- used to assess the degree to which different judges agree in their assessment of something - useful because humans may disagree in their interpretation

Question 31

Pretest-Posttest Reliability

Answer 31

-take same test twice and compare two scores to determine stability over time

Question 32

Criterion Validity

Answer 32

-used to predict future or current performance

Question 33

Face Validity

Answer 33

- determines that the measure APPEARS to be assessing what it's supposed to - not very scientific

Question 34

ABD - practical and analytic intelligence

Answer 34

- alike because both are part of Sternberg's Triarchic Theory - different because PRACTICAL is about doing real life skills while ANALYTIC is "book smarts"

Question 35

ABD - content and criterion Validity

Answer 35

-alike because both are types of Validity (how well something measures what it is supposed to) -different because CONTENT = extent to which the test samples the behavior that is of interest while CRITERION is used to predict performance

Question 36

Giftedness/Genius

Answer 36

- hard to define - high level of performance in a field - potential at a young age and then achievement later - still involved hard work - psychosocial influences

Question 37

MENSA

Answer 37

- high IQ society | - top 2% of IQs to join

Question 38

Intellectual Delay/Cognitively Disabled

Answer 38

-significant limitations on intellectual functioning (reasoning, problem solving) and adaptive behavior (social and practical skills)

Question 39

Specific social intelligence (s)

Answer 39

- emotional intelligence | - ability to understand others

Question 40

Percentile

Answer 40

-ex) a score that is greater than 75% of scores is in the 75th percentile, and 75 is the percentile rank

Question 41

ABD - g and s

Answer 41

- alike because both are a variable that measure an overall ability - g measures overall smarts, while s measures social intelligence