Study names

Question 1

Conformity

Answer 1

Aschs

Question 2

Types of conformity

Answer 2

Asch’s variations

Question 3

Conformity to social roles

Answer 3

Zimbardo

Question 4

Obedience

Answer 4

Milgram

Question 5

Situational variables affecting obedience

Answer 5

Milgram’s variations

Question 6

Explanations for obedience; agentic state

Answer 6

Rank (16/18 nurses obey order), Hofling (21/22 nurses obeyed order)

Question 7

Explanations for obedience; legitimacy of authority

Answer 7

Milgram’s variations, ordinary clothes = 20% from 65%, no authority figure = no power

Question 8

Authoritarian personality

Answer 8

Elms & Milgram (1966) replicated Milgram’s (1963) original obedience study
They took 20 participants who had refused to go 450 volts in a prior replication of the study (i.e. these participants showed low obedience)
The participants completed questionnaires, one of which was Adorno’s F-scale, some of the questionnaires included open questions which asked about their relationship with their parents and with the experimenter when they took part in Milgram’s study
high-obedience participants scored higher on the F-scale than the low-obedience participants

The high-obedience participants also reported that they did not feel close to their father when they were growing up these participants also reported feelings of admiration for the experimenter when they took part in Milgram’s study

Question 9

Resistance to social influence social support

Answer 9

Milgram other disobedient teachers,
The Asch variation of unanimity explored the idea of social support:
When one of the confederates went against the group and gave the correct answer, conformity levels decreased from 32% to 5%

Question 10

Resistance to social influence locus of control

Answer 10

Holland (1967) repeated Milgram’s experiment and found that 37% of participants who refused to continue to 450 volts had a high internal LOC (compared to 24% of participants with a high external LOC)
Rotter (1982) pointed out that LOC only seems to apply to new situations
If someone has previously obeyed/conformed in one specific situation/set of circumstances, they will likely do so again, regardless of whether they have an internal or external LOC
This reduces the validity of the theory to some extent

Question 11

Minority influence

Answer 11

Moscovi’s, rosa parks