sure

Question 1

Nasojugal fold is perpendicular to bunny lines

Answer 1

? False (AI generated answer below)
No, the nasojugal fold and bunny lines are not perpendicular. The nasojugal fold runs diagonally from the nose to the cheek, while bunny lines are diagonal wrinkles on the nose, typically near the bridge. While they both involve lines on the nose, their orientations differ.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Nasojugal fold:
This fold, also known as the tear trough, is a groove that runs from the inner corner of the eye down the cheek towards the nose. It’s a natural anatomical structure and can become more prominent with age and volume loss.
Bunny lines:
These are diagonal wrinkles that appear on the sides of the nose, usually when someone smiles or squints. They are caused by the contraction of the nasalis muscle.
Orientation:
The nasojugal fold runs diagonally downwards and outwards, while bunny lines run diagonally downwards and inwards. This means they are not perpendicular to each other.

Question 2

Nasojugal fold separates upper cutaneous lip from the nasal sill

Answer 2

F. Google. Eye bag line

Question 3

Soft triangle is inferior to the nose

Answer 3

? True
AI answer below

The phrase “Soft triangle is inferior to the nose” refers to a specific area on the nose, not a judgment of its quality. The “soft triangle” is a term used in rhinoplasty (nose surgery) to describe the area between the dome of the nostril (alar cartilage) and the nostril rim. It’s an area of soft tissue, lacking significant cartilage support, hence the name “soft” triangle. It’s an important aesthetic feature of the nose, and its shape and appearance can be affected by deformities or surgical alterations.
Here’s a more detailed explanation:
Location:
The soft triangle is situated at the tip of the nose, between the dome of the alar cartilage (the rounded part at the tip of the nose) and the nostril rim.
Anatomy:
It’s primarily composed of skin and soft tissue, with minimal cartilage support. This area is made up of two layers of skin (external and internal vestibular) separated by loose areolar tissue and some muscle fibers.
Aesthetic Importance:
The soft triangle’s shape and appearance significantly influence the overall aesthetic of the nasal tip.
Deformities:
Common issues include retraction (a deep indentation) or notching (a sharp indentation). These deformities can be caused by trauma or complications from rhinoplasty.
Surgical Considerations:
Surgeons pay close attention to the soft triangle during rhinoplasty to ensure a natural-looking and aesthetically pleasing result.
Not an Evaluation of Quality:
The phrase “inferior to the nose” in this context simply means “below” or “inferior in position to” the nose, not that it is of poor quality.

Question 4

Anterior triangle on the ear

Answer 4

Anterior Triangle of the Neck:
Boundaries:
The anterior triangle is a region of the neck defined by the mandible (lower jaw), the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and the midline of the neck.

Question 5

Tubercle of the lip

Answer 5

T. Sal 224. Convexity of vermilion beneath Cupid’s bow is the tubercle

Question 6

Regarding supraorbital artery

Supratrochlear artery superficial to corrugator supercilli

Answer 6

? T
T. ?? Sal 134. Supraorb runs above frontalis. ?also run above corrugator. Can’t find in Sal, R, Bol

AI generated answer below
The supratrochlear artery is positioned superficially to the corrugator supercilii muscle, specifically between the corrugator supercilii and the orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles, before it ascends the forehead. It transitions to a more superficial position as it ascends, eventually lying within the subcutaneous plane.
Here’s a more detailed breakdown:
At the orbital margin:
The supratrochlear artery perforates or runs superficial to the corrugator supercilii muscle and deep to the orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles.
Ascending the forehead:
As it ascends, it transitions from deep to superficial to the frontalis muscle, eventually residing in the subcutaneous plane

Question 7

b) Supraorbital artery deep to orbicularis oculi

Answer 7

Question 8

Part of the ear: apical triangle

Answer 8

? false
AI generated answer:
The apical triangle of the upper cutaneous lip, also known as the alar-facial sulcus, is an anatomical structure bound medially by the nasal ala, laterally by the medial cheek, and inferiorly by the remainder of the upper cutaneous lip

Question 9

Part of the ear:
Stomion

Answer 9

False
Sal; part of the lip

Oxford dictionary: A soft tissue cephalometric landmark defining the contact point of the upper and lower lips in the mid-sagittal line when the mouth is closed.

Question 10

Part of the ear:
Pogonion

Answer 10

F. Sal 47, fig 5-2. Chin

Question 11

spinal accessory is a motor and sensory nerve

Answer 11

F
The accessory nerve is the eleventh paired cranial nerve. It has a purely somatic motor function, innervating the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles.

Question 12

injury to the spinal accessory causes chronic shoulder pain

Question 13

Regarding the nerve supply of the ear:

a) The Auriculotemporal nerve supplies the anterior part of the ear

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Regarding the nerve supply of the ear:

b) Vagus nerve supplies the conchal bowl

Answer 14

T
Sal 221

Question 15

Regarding the nerve supply of the ear:

c) Lesser occipital nerve supplies the posterior ear

Answer 15

F
I think at least parts of it – see nerves notes – defs has both LO and GA

F. Sal 221. Most of posterior lat surface of auricle is GAN. LON supplies mastoid and upper medial auricle. Depends on wording - different diagrams have different innervation

Question 16

Regarding the nerve supply of the ear:

Greater auricular nerve supplies the ear lobe

Answer 16

T
T. Sal 221

Question 17

Nerve transection

a) Marginal mandibular injury with neck surgery

Answer 17

T. ?ref

Question 18

Nerve transection

b) Temporal branch injury below the zygoma

Answer 18

F. Sal 101-2.

Question 19

Nerve transection

c) Temporal branch needs surgical management

Answer 19

F. R26 table. Botox on contralat, brow lift on ipsilat

Question 20

Nerve transection

d) Accessory N needs conservative management

Answer 20

F. ??ref
R21. Unlike distal aspects CN VII, SAN has no ability to regenerate

Question 21

Nerve transection

e) Marginal mandibular needs conservative management

Answer 21

F. R26 table. Botox, lip suspension

Question 22

(2017) The peri-oral region is supplied by the Sphenopalatine artery

Answer 22

F labial

Question 23

Regarding Stensen’s duct
It runs deep to the masseter

Answer 23

F. R11. Runs across masseter

Question 24

Regarding Stensen’s duct

Cutting into it will heal spontaneously

Answer 24

F. R11. Produces chronic draining sinus, requires procedure to repair it

Question 25

# Regarding Stensen’s duct Empties into the buccal mucosa opposite the second upper incisor

Answer 25

F. R11. Empties opposite to second molar

Question 26

# Peroneal nerve: a) May be damaged at fibular head

Answer 26

T

Question 27

# Peroneal nerve: c) Injury leads to loss of plantar flexion

Answer 27

F dorsiflex + eversion

Question 28

# Peroneal nerve: d) Runs with paraspinosis tendon

Answer 28

F. Follows medial border of biceps femoris

Question 29

# Lymphatics d) lateral cervical lymph node chain is cephalad to SCM

Answer 29

T. Sal 147. Superficial lateral cervical nodes - palpated high over SCM

Question 30

# Lymphatics a) Efferent drainage of submental nodes to submandibular nodes

Answer 30

T. Sal 146. Their main efferent vessels go to the submandibular nodes on each side

Question 31

e) Submental LNs remain enlarged for years

Answer 31

T. Sal 146. After becoming enlarged usually remain so forever

Question 32

# Artery VERY LIKELY to be damaged in cutaneous surgery includes

Question 33

# Artery VERY LIKELY to be damaged in cutaneous surgery includes

Question 34

# Artery VERY LIKELY to be damaged in cutaneous surgery includes

Question 35

# T/F Re: EMLA a) Prilocaine CI in preg

Answer 35

a) Prilocaine CI in preg false; lidocaine, etidocaine, and prilocaine are labeled pregnancy category B (Cat A on TGA)

Question 36

# T/F Re: EMLA b) MetHb with HCQ higher risk

Answer 36

True P61 - Limiting use to recommended dosages tends to avoid problems; however, susceptibility may increase with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, rare and methemoglobin reductase deficiency, and concomitant administration of other methemoglobin-forming drugs, such as sulfonamides and antimalarials P58 - Prevention of methemoglobinemia associated with local anesthesia: *adhere to recommended anesthetic dosages * avoid using prilocaine and benzocaine in patients with risk factors: age <3 months; hereditary methemoglobinemia; glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency; concomitant oxidant drugs such as dapsone, nitroglycerin, nitrites, nitrates, phenacetin, primaquine, sulfonamide

Question 37

# T/F Re: EMLA a) Prilocaine slower onset than lignocaine

Answer 37

False. a) Prilocaine slower onset than lignocaine Table 3.3 – 5-6 min Prilocaine vs <1 min lignocaine

Question 38

# T/F Re: EMLA a) Shorter duration than lignocaine

Answer 38

a) Shorter duration than lignocaine – False; same 30-120 min w adrenaline, 60-400 without

Question 39

# T/F Re: EMLA a) Prilocaine crossreacts with esters false

Answer 39

a) Prilocaine crossreacts with esters false; prilocaine in amide group

Question 40

# T/F Re: EMLA a) Should be avoided in infants

Answer 40

a) Should be avoided in infants true; because of MetHb a/w prilocaine – EMLA should be used w caution in infants

Question 41

# T/F Re: EMLA b) Should NOT be applied for longer than 2 hours

Answer 41

b) Should NOT be applied for longer than 2 hours false; max application time in Table 3.13 – 4 hours, 1 hour in 0-3 months old

Question 42

# T/F Re: EMLA c) Can be used if lidocaine allergic

Answer 42

c) Can be used if lidocaine allergic false; EMLA contains lignocaine

Question 43

# T/F re: EMLA d) Should not be used on mucosa

Answer 43

F; effective anaesthesia 5-15 mins on mucosal surfaces p49.

Question 44

# T/F re: EMAL a) Direct eye damage from caustic injury

Answer 44

a) Direct eye damage from caustic injury true; alkaline injury to cornea

Question 45

# re: METHb Can detect with pulse oximeter

Answer 45

false o Can detect with pulse oximeter conventional pulse oximeters usually unreliable

Question 46

# re: MET Hb o Presents with central cyanosis

Answer 46

T

Question 47

# Re: MetHB o Made worse by hydroxychloroquine

Answer 47

T

Question 48

# Regarding the following allergic reactions: a) A previous PPD reaction may indicate an allergy to Prilocaine

Answer 48

a) A previous PPD reaction may indicate an allergy to Prilocaine F; prilocaine (amide), whereas PPD cross react with ester-type anaesthetics

Question 49

# Regarding the following allergic reactions: b) It is reasonable to use a preservative-free anaesthetic of the other anaesthetic class in someone with a document local anaesthetic allergy

Answer 49

T It is reasonable to use a preservative-free anaesthetic of the other anaesthetic class in someone with a document local anaesthetic allergy

Question 50

# Regarding the following allergic reactions: c) Amide anaesthetics are more likely to cause allergy than esters

Answer 50

FALSE- Amide anaesthetics are more likely to cause allergy than esters Esters metabolised to PABA -> potential allergen

Question 51

# Regarding the following allergic reactions: a) Patients with lignocaine allergy are typically allergic to prilocaine

Answer 51

T

Question 52

# Digit blocks a) Need to block 2 nerves on each side

Answer 52

F ?two dorsal and two ventral nerves- but maybe questions means not the only way to block a digit? ie don’t NEED to block both

Question 53

# Digit blocks b) Inject into nerve sheath

Answer 53

a) Inject into nerve sheath F; but sounds similar – transthecal digital block into flexor tendon sheath

Question 54

# Digit blocks a) Use 0.5% lignocaine

Answer 54

FALSE 2%

Question 55

# Digit blocks a) Tamponade causing ischaemic injury only occurs in presence of epinephrine

Answer 55

F

Question 56

# Digit blocks a) Epinephrine only cause of ischemia

Answer 56

a) Epinephrine only cause of ischemia similar Q; other reasons above e.g. excessive volume, torniquet

Question 57

# Digit blocks g) Inject above bone

Answer 57

T

Question 58

# (2015) Digital nerve block x 2 qs a) Do not do if infection proximal phalanx

Answer 58

TRUE a) Do not do if infection proximal phalanx true; Digital blocks should be avoided in situations that potentially compromise the digital vessels at the base of the proximal phalanx (i.e., trauma or infection).

Question 59

# (2015) Digital nerve block x 2 qs a) Increased risk digital ischemia with circimfrential ring block

Answer 59

T

Question 60

# (2015) Digital nerve block x 2 qs a) 3mL increases risk of ischemia

Answer 60

FALSE >8ML

Question 61

# (2015) Digital nerve block x 2 qs a) More painful from dorsal aspect

Answer 61

a) More painful from dorsal aspect false; more painful from palmar

Question 62

# (2015) Digital nerve block x 2 qs a) Go through flexor tendon sheath to anaesthetise core of finger

Answer 62

a) Go through flexor tendon sheath to anaesthetise core of finger true; in transthecal

Question 63

# (2015) Digital nerve block x 2 qs Only need to inject dorsally if only want partial anaesthesia

Answer 63

T

Question 64

# RE: Field blocks a) Better for infected areas

Answer 64

T

Question 65

# RE: Field blocks c) Spares concha A ring block around the circumference of the ear provides anesthesia to the ear except for the concha and the external auditory canal.

Answer 65

T c) Spares concha A ring block around the circumference of the ear provides anesthesia to the ear except for the concha and the external auditory canal.

Question 66

# RE: Field blocks d) Deep and superficial injection To obtain optimal anesthesia using ring blocks, the anesthetic should be injected into the superficial and deep planes

Answer 66

T

Question 67

# RE: Field blocks a) Large areas

Answer 67

T

Question 68

# Ophthalmic topical anaesthetic:

Question 69

# Ophthalmic topical anaesthetic:

Question 70

# Ophthalmic topical anaesthetic:

Question 71

# Ophthalmic topical anaesthetic:

Question 72

# Ophthalmic topical anaesthetic: