Uworld > Test 95: Incorrect > Flashcards

Test 95: Incorrect Flashcards

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1
Q

How are osteocytes connected?

A

gap junctions

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2
Q

equation for relative risk reduction

A

1- RR relative risk

- (absolute risk control - absolute risk treatment) / ( absolute risk)

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3
Q

what molecule stimulates vagus nerve

A

acetylcholine

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4
Q

withdrawal from opioid is described

A
  • abdominal pain
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • diarrhea
  • piloerection
  • LACRIMATION
  • diaphoresis
  • YAWNING
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5
Q

What are eyes in cocaine intoxication

A

dilated

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6
Q

Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies are associated with

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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7
Q

Anti-mitochondrial antibodies are found in what

A

primary biliary cirrhosis

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8
Q

What happens in lupus because of the formation of immune complex formation

A

decrease complement

C3, C4, CH50

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9
Q

clinical use for Etanercept

A
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • psoriasis
  • akylosing spondylitis
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10
Q

Calcipotriene, what is it? what is it used for

A
  • nuclear transcription factor
  • topical vitamin D analog for psoriasis
  • inhibit keratinocyte proliferation
  • keratinocyte differentiation
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11
Q

Patient with neurologic symptoms ( tingling, difficulty concentrating) and recurrent episodes of nonspecific abdominal pain has

A

acute intermittent porphyria

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12
Q

what is deficient in acute intermittent porphyria

A

prophobilinogen deaminase deficiency

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13
Q

treatment for acute intermittent porphyria

A

glucose and heme

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14
Q

in acute intermittent porphyria, infusion with heme or glucose down regulates what enzyme

A

aminolevulinate ( ALA) synthase

- rate limiting step of heme synthesis

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15
Q

Acute intermittent prophyria is due to accumulation of what

A
  • ALA

- porphobilinogen

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16
Q

Deficiency of ALA dehydrates and ferrochelatase

A

lead poisoning

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17
Q

chemotactic factors

A 
C5a
IL-8 
LTB 4 
Kallikrein
platelet activating factor
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18
Q

DNA polymerase I has what special feature

A

5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity

- removes RNA primase

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19
Q

why are the left atria and ventricles less oxygenated than pulmonary capillaries

A

mixing of deoxygenated blood

  • bronchial arteries ( drain to either bronchial veins or pulmonary veins)
  • Thebesian ( small cardiac veins)
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20
Q

calcium-sensing receptors are what type of receptors

A

G-protien-couples receptors

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21
Q

role of calcium-sensing receptors

A

regulate secretion of PTH

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22
Q

What is familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia

A

AD

- defective calcium-sensing receptors on PTH and kidney

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23
Q

Erythema infectiosum ( fifth disease present)

A
  • nonspecific prodrome followed by “slapped-cheek” facial rash and a lacy, reticular body body rash.
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24
Q

Parvovirus hits what cells? replicates where

A

erythoid precursor cells

- replicates in bone marrow

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25
Phase I of anesthetic block
flaccid paralysis
26
Patient who has burns, mypathies, crush injuries, and denervating injuries and take succinylcholine are at risk for what
potassium release and life-threatening arrhythmias
27
MOA of Dantrolene
ryanodine receptors, prevent calcium release
28
MOA fro Baclofen
Muscle relaxant that affects GABA B receptors at level of spinal cord
29
how does bacillus anthraces edema factor work
adenylate cyclase - increase cAMP - leading to neutrophil and macrophage dysfunction and tissue deem
30
Edema factor for Bacillus anthracis similar to what other bacteria
Bordetella pertussis
31
What lipid lowering drug is good for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, regardlgess of baseline lipid levels
Satins
32
most effective lipid-lowering drug for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, regardless of baseline lipid levels
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors ( statins)
33
Patients with low high-desnity lipoprotein (HDL) levels are at increased risk for
cardiovascular disease
34
how do medication that raise HDL level impact cardiovascular system
does not improve
35
role of Omega-3 essential fatty acids
- decrease serum triglycerides | - slight increase in HDL
36
What maneuvers accentuate ventricular septal defect
increase after load | - handgrip
37
Sudden, jerky, purposeless movements
Chorea
38
Sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm +/- ipsilateral leg
Hemiballismus
39
Slow, writhing movements; especially seen in fingers
athetosis
40
what is damaged in hemiballismus? what is most common cause
contralateral subthalamic nucleus | - lacunar stroke
41
Damage to internal capsule can cause
pure motor or combined sensorimotor deficits
42
lentiform nucleus
- globus pallidus | - putamen
43
what disease has damaged lentiform nucleus? characterize the disease
- Wilson disease | - liver, psychiatric, and neuro abnormalities
44
What heart conditions does atrial contraction contribute significantly to left ventricular filling
- chronic aortic stenosis | - concentric left ventricular hypertrophy
45
If A-fib occurs during chronic aortic stenosis and concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, what hemodynamic changes occur in the heart
- reduce LV preload | - reduce cardiac output
46
Nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) and RANK ligand interaction is essential for formation and differentiation of what cells
osteoclasts
47
role of osteoprotegerin
blocks binding of RANK-L to RANK | - reduce formation of osteoclasts
48
2 important thins for osteoclast differentiation
1. M-CSF | 2. RANK-L
49
how does low estrogen decrease osteoclasts
- decrease osteoprotegerin
50
how is mitochondrial myopathies inherited
maternal inheritance
51
what is the medication choice to treat behavioral and psychotic manifestations of delirium
Antipsychotics ( Haloperidol)
52
Doxepin is what type of drug
Tricyclic antidepressant
53
what is the medication choice to treat behavioral and psychotic manifestations of delirium
Antipsychotics ( Haloperidol)
54
what is Parinaud syndrome
- compression of tectum causing vertical gaze palsy
55
Pinealoma presents with what
- obstructive hydrocephalus | - dorsal midbrain (parinaud syndrome)
56
what is Parinaud syndrome
- compression of tectum causing vertical gaze palsy
57
How does obstructive hydrocephalus present
- papilledema - headache - vomiting
58
MOA for Foscarnet? toxicity
Analog of pyrophosphate - chelates calcium and promote nephrotoxic renal magnesium wasting - hypocalcemia, hypommagnesemia ( seizures)
59
characterize red neuron
- shrinkage of cell body, - eosinophilia of cytoplasm - pyknosis of nucleus - loss of Nissl substance
60
Neuron that is responding to irreversible injury is called
red neuron
61
MAO for Class IA antiarrhythmics
sodium channel-blocking agents that depress phase 0 depolarization - moderate K channel blocking activity
62
Name class IA antiarrhythmics
Quinidine Procainamide Disopyramide
63
MAO for Class IA antiarrhythmics
sodium channel-blocking agents that depress phase 0 depolarization - moderate K channel blocking activity
64
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is what kind of receptor
tyrosine kinase receptor
65
During catabolism of proteins in the liver, where is amino groups transferred from alanine
to alpha-keotgluterate to form glutamate
66
in acute cellular rejection, who is against who
host against donor MHC
67
During catabolism of proteins in the liver, where is amino groups transfered
to alpha-keotgluterate to form glutamate
68
increase urinary concentrations of what prevent calculi formation
- urinary citrate concentration | - high fluid intake
69
increased urinary concentrations of what promote salt crystallization
- calcium - oxalate - uric acid
70
Small fibrotic focus in lower lobe of right lung and calcified lymph node in right lung hills is
primary exposure to M. tuberculosis
71
India ink staining for cryptococcus neoformans shows what
round or oval budding yeast
72
Small fibrotic focus in lower lobe of right lung and calcified lymph node in right lung hills is
primary exposure to M. tuberculosis
73
Ghon complex
- lower lobe lung lesion | - ipsilateral hilar adenopathy
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