Neuro II > Trauma > Flashcards

Trauma Flashcards

(44 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

What is the leading cause of TBI?

A

falls (esp in elderly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the primary mechanism of preventing spinal cord injury?

A

avoid injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 components of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

Eye

Verbal

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the levels of the Eye component of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

Best eye response

  1. No eye opening
  2. Eye opening to pain
  3. Eye opening to veral command
  4. Eyes open spontaneously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the levels of the Verbal component of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

best verbal response

  1. No verbal response
  2. incomprehensible sounds
  3. inappropriate words
  4. confused
  5. oriented
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the levels of the Motor component of the Glasgow Coma Scale?

A

best motor response

  1. no motor response
  2. extension to pain
  3. flexion to pain
  4. withdrawl from pain
  5. localizing pain
  6. obeys commands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What numbers constitute a mild, moderate & severe glasgow coma score?

A

Mild : 13-15

Moderate : 9-12

Severs : 3-8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the signs of elevated intracranial pressure?

A
  • Early
    • headache
    • confusion
    • vomiting without nausea
    • papilledema
  • Later (if brain is displaced)
    • pupillar dilation - uncal herneation
    • abducens palsies - central herniation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are signs of impending herniation?

A
  • deteriorating neuro exam
  • cushing’s response
    • elevated systolic BP
    • widening pulse pressure
    • bradycardia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the name of this sign?

What does it mean?

A

battle’s sign

posterior fossa injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name of this sign?

What does it mean?

A

Racoon eyes

anterior fossa injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the contents of of the skull & relative percentages?

A
  • Brain (80%)
  • Blood (12%)
    • arteris
    • capillaries
    • veins
    • venous sinuses
  • Cerebrospinal fluid (8%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the name of the concept that an increase in the volume of one of the compartments of the cranium myst be offset by an equal decrease in another compartment, otherwise intracranial pressure will rise?

A

Monro-Kelli Doctrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What buffer accounts to Cranial Reserve?

A

CSF compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Diffuse axonal injury is what type of finding?

A

nonsurgical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is axonal shear injury & how does this type of injury occur?

A

Really, anything that cause a shearing force

  • impact from behind, cause brain to accelerate forward
  • collides with anterior skull & bounces off
    • coup/contracoup type injury
  • axons are twisted & torn from the force
  • Injured axons will start dying
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the grades of Diffuse Axonal Injury Scale?

A
  • Grade 1: cortical region
  • Grade 2: corpus collosum
  • Grade 3: back part of midbrain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of injury is shown in the provided image?

Symptoms?

Surgical indication?

Study These Flashcards
A

Epidural hemorrhage (convex/lens shaped)

lucid interval - then pass out

YES - surgery is indicated

19
Q

What type of injury is shown in the provided image?

Risk factors?

Surgical indication?

Study These Flashcards
A

Subdural hemorrhage (concave/crescent-shaped)

Elderly; EtOH abuse

YES - surgery idicated

20
Q

What type of injury is shown in the provided image?

Most common locations?

Surgical indication?

Study These Flashcards
A

Intracerebral hemorrhage (contusion)

Bony areas

YES - surgery is indicated

21
Q

What are the steps to mild TBI managemetn?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Identify victim
    1. altered LOC / memory impairment
  2. Remove victim from play / work to prevent further injury (2nd injury before full recovery = worse outcomes)
  3. Examination
    1. <25 on SAC is abnormal

Often recover quickly & fully - do not require hospitalization

22
Q

Why is it important to follow the TBI guidelines?

Study These Flashcards
A

patients 2x more likely to survice when following guidelines

23
Q

What situations can cause cerebral herniation?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • injury due to
    • direct damage
    • ischemia
24
Q

Identify the type of herniation indicated on the provided image:

25
What are the signs of poor outcome in a severe TBI?
* hypothermia * hypotension * hypoxia
26
At what timepoint after a TBI does edema peak?
48-96 hrs
27
What level for what amount of of elevated intracranial pressure is probably damaging?
\>20-25 mmHg for \> 10-15 min
28
What is the compartment & mechanism of treatment for elevated intracranial pressure for each of the following interventions? Hyperventilation Head positioning Osmolar therapy Metabolic suppression
* Hyperventilation * arterial blood (vasoconstriction) * Head positioning * venous blood (facilitate outflow) * Osmolar therapy * normal brain tissue (remove interstitial water) * Metabolic suppression * arterial blood (vasoconstriction through neurovascular coupling)
29
What are the two solutions that can be given to patients to induce hyperosmolar therapy?
mannitol hypertonic saline
30
What management is not recommended for patients with severe TBI?
prophylactic hypothermia, steroids, prophylactic antibiotics
31
What is the protocol for seizure prophylaxis in patients with severe TBI?
phenytoin or levetiracetam - for 7 days
32
What is the "level of injury" for spinal cord injury?
lowest spinal cord segment with intact motor & sensory function
33
What is the criteria for cervical spine clearing without imaging?
awake no focal neurao deficit no midline cervical tenderness not intoxicated
34
What are the symptoms of central cord syndrome?
"man in a barrel" * moto weakness both upper extremities w/ sparing lower extremities & sacrm * proximal weaker than distal * pain & temperature sensation reduced * proprioception & vibration spared
35
What are the symptoms anterior cord syndrome?
* loss of touch, pain, temperature * loss of motor below level * intact proprioception & vibration
36
What are the symptoms of Brown-Sequard syndrome?
Lateral half spinal cord * loss ipsilateral motor, touch, proprioception & vibraion * loss contralateral pain & temp sensation
37
What is the leading cause of mortality in spinal cord injury patients?
DVT
38
What is the management for DVT prophylaxis in spinal cord injury patients?
LMWH preferred if unable - consider IVC filter
39
What is the significange of SCI at C1-C2?
full loss phrenic nerve function
40
What is the significange of SCI at C3-C4?
partial phrenic nerve function | (shallow breathing, no voluntary cough)
41
What is the significange of SCI at T1-T7?
partial paralysis of intercostal muscles (imparired cough / deep inspiration)
42
Which exam is to best prognostic indicator for TBI?
GSC (initial exam) lower initial score - worse the prognosis
43
What are the different levesl of SCI?
* A - complete injury * no motor or sensory function below lesion * B - incomplete injury * sensory but no motor function * C - incomplete injury * some motor strength (\<3) * D - incomplete injury * motor strength \>3 * E - none * sensory & motor normal
44
What is the worse SCI prognosis?
grade A for \>24 hr
Neuro II
flashcards
Decks in class (30)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions