USMLE Step 2 > UWorld_7.31 > Flashcards

UWorld_7.31 Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

Active herpes lesions @ delivery ==> ?

A

c-section

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2
Q

abnormal biophysical profile

A

-NST: 50% contractions

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3
Q

Kallman syndrome cause

A
  • X-linked recessive
  • d/o of olfactory neurons and GnRH ==>
  • hypogonadotropic hypogonadism + difficulty smelling
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4
Q

Leukoplakia characteristics

A
  • white granular patch @ buccal mucosa
  • assoc. w/smokeless tobacco and alcohol use
  • precancerous ==> squamous carcinoma w/in 10 years
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5
Q

Cavernous hemangioma presentation

A
  • soft, blue compressible masses

- @ brain/organs = assoc. VHL

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6
Q

Strawberry vs. Cherry hemangioma

A
  • strawberry = infants

- cherry = elderly

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7
Q

Herpangina presentation/cause/tx

A
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • gray vesicles/ulcers @ posterior oropharynx
  • caused by Coxsackie A virus
  • supportive tx
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8
Q

Herpetic gingivostomatitis presentation/cause/tx

A
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • erythematous gingiva
  • clusters of vesicles @ anterior oropharynx
  • caused by HSV-1
  • tx = oral acyclovir
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9
Q

pseudogout vs. gout crystals

A
  • pseudogout = calcium pyrophosphate ==> rhomboid, positive birefringence
  • gout = urate/uric acid crystale ==> needle-shaped, negative birefringence
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10
Q

Acalculous cholecystitis presentation

A
  • @ severely ill patients
  • vague clinical signs of infection
  • gallbladder wall thickening + pericholecystic fluid
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11
Q

Physical activity in mononucleiosis

A

avoid contact sports for >3weeks

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12
Q

Smoker w/clubbing + sudden joint pain ==> ?

A
  • hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

- assoc. w/lung cancer ==> CXR for eval

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13
Q

ARDS management

A
  • mechanical ventilation:
  • low TV (prevent alveolar overdistension)
  • high PEEP
  • permissive hypercapnia
  • adequate oxygenation (SpO2 > 88%)
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14
Q

Milk-induced colitis presentation

A
  • presents at age 2-8 weeks
  • regurgitation or vomiting
  • +/- painless bloody stools
  • +/- eczema
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15
Q

Milk-induced colitis tx

A
  • elimination of milk & soy from maternal diet of exclusively breastfed infants
  • hydrolyzed formula in formula-fed infants
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16
Q

Echinococcosis presentation

A
  • caused by tapeworm echinococcus
  • hydatid cysts w/daughter cysts @ liver
  • assoc. w/sheep contact
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17
Q

Risk in pig farmers

A

neurocysticercosis

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18
Q

Most sensitive lab abnormality for hypovolemia

A

elevated BUN/serum Cr

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19
Q

Alcoholic hallucinosis vs. delirium tremens

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A
  • both have hallucinations
  • hallucinosis = stable vital signs, intact orientation
  • tremens = unstable vitals, AMS
20
Q

anti-cardiolipin antibodies ==>

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A

anti-phospholipid antibodies

21
Q

Cryoglobulinemia presentation

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A
  • vasculitis w/skin, kidney, joint involvement
  • low complement, elevated RF
  • increased LFTs
22
Q

pH in ASA toxicity

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A

near-normal (2/2 mixed resp. alkalosis and met acidosis)

23
Q

“dominant frontal lobe” =

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A

left hemisphere frontal (Broca’s location)

24
Q

D-xylose test

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A
  • pancreatic insuff. ==> normal absorption
  • malabsoprtion ==> decreased absorption
  • if improves w/rifaximin ==> SBBO
  • if doesn’t improve w/rifaximin ==> celiac
25
Complication of giant cell arteritis
aortic aneurysm
26
indinavir: MOA, SE
- MOA: protease inhibitor | - SE: crystal-induced nephropathy
27
life-threatening complications of HIV therapy
1. didanosine-induced pancreatitis 2. abacavir-related hypersensitivity syndrome 3. lactic acidosis 2/2 NTRIs 4. SJS 2/2 NNTRIs 5. nevirapine-assoc. liver failure
28
Pancoast tumor presentation
- shoulder pain + pain/paresthesis @ forearm - horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis) - weakness/atrophy of hand m. - enlarged supraclavicular nodes
29
Normal AG metabolic acidosis
- diarrhea - fistulas - carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide) - renal tubular acidosis - ureteral diversion - iatrogenic
30
Endometrial hyperplasia management
- w/atypia ==> hysterectomy | - w/out atypia ==> progestin
31
neuroimaging in autism
increased total brain volume
32
neuroimaging in OCD
orbitofrontal cortex & striatum
33
neuroimaging in panic d/o
decrease amygdala volume
34
neuroimaging in PTSD
hippocampal volume
35
neuroimaging in schizophrenia
enlargement of cerebral ventricles
36
GI illness + periorbital edema, myositis ==> dx?
trichenellosis
37
Trichinellosis presentation/cause
- ingestion of undercooked meat - GI illness, then resolves - muscle stage: - myositis - fever, subungal splinter hemorrhages - periorbital edema - **eosinophilia
38
Carcinoid syndrome presentation
- skin: flushing, telangiectasias, cyanosis - GI: diarrhea, cramping - cardiac: valvular lesions (R>L) - pulmonary: bronchospasm - niacin def. ==> dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
39
Parkinsonism + orthostatic hypotension + autonomic sx ==> dx?
multiple system atrophy/Shy-drager syndrome
40
Exam findings in ankylosing spondylitis
- arthritis (SI) - reduced chest expansion & spinal mobility - enthesitis (tenderness @ tendon insertion) - dactylitis - uveitis
41
Clinical presentation of alcoholic hepatitis
- jaundice, fever, anorexia - RUQ pain - abdominal distention - +/- m. weakness - +/- hepatic encephalopathy
42
Tx of vaginismus
kegels + dilation
43
Patchy erythema @ small palate of child/infant ==> ?
forschheimer spots; assoc. w/rubella
44
Measles vs. Rubella rash
- rubella = pinkish maculopapular rash, spreads quickly | - measles = darker, reddish-brown, spreads more slowly + higher fevers
45
Chronic bronchitis vs. bronchiectasis
- chronic bronchitis = chronic cough w/minimal or no sputum | - bronchiectasis = large volume sputum, chronic cough
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