- loop diuretics (esp. @ renal failure) - aminoglycosides - ASA at high doses

UWorld_8.03 Flashcards by Caitlin Heim

Birth defects 2/2 phenytoin use in pregnancy

“fetal hydantoin syndrome”:
microcephaly
small body size
digital hypolasia
hirsutism
cleft palate
rib anomalies

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Clinical manifestations of neonatal sepsis

-most common: T>38 or

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Zinc deficiency cause/presentation

TPN vs. malabsoprtion
alopecia
skin lesion
abnormal taste
impaired wound healting

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Selenium deficiency ==> ?

cardiomyopathy

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Ototoxic drugs

loop diuretics (esp. @ renal failure)
aminoglycosides
ASA at high doses

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high-risk pulm. nodules

> 2cm
age >60
current smoker/cessation

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intermediate-risk pulm. nodules

0.8-2cm
age 40-60
current smoker/cessation 5-15ya
scalloped border

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Medications assoc. w/idiopathic intracranial HTN

GH
tetracycline (minocycline, doxycycline)
excess vitamin A/derivatives (isotretinoin, retinoic acid)

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Beta-blocker overdose presentation

bradycardia
hypotension
wheezing
hypoglycemia
delerium, sz
cardiogenic shock

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Management of beta-blocker overdose

IV fluids + atropine

2. IV glucagon for profound/refractory hypotension

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Management of brain metastases

single + good fxnl status ==> surgical resection
multiple ==> whole brain radiation
multiple/poor fxnl/widespread recurrence ==> supportive

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Most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis

viral URI

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Asterixis associations

hepatic encephalopathy
uremic encephalopathy
CO2 retention

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Disseminated gonoccocal infection ==>

polyarthralgia
tenosynovitis
vesiculopapular skin lesions

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Types of fetal growth restriction

-asymmetric ==> “head-sparing” affects head & body equally

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Causes of asymmetric IUGR

maternal factors:
vascular dz
APAb
autoimmune
cyanotic heart disease
substance abuse

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Causes of symmetric IUGR

fetal factors:
genetic d/o
congenital heart disease
intrauterine infection

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Aortic regurg. murmur & PE findings

early diastolic murmur ==>

- hyperdynamic/bounding peripheral pulse

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Hypoventilation ==> ABG

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hypoventilation ==> normal A-a gradient
respiratory acidosis
low SpO2

Renal cell carcinoma presentation

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flank pain, hematuria, +/- palpable abdominal mass
L-sided ==> non-emptying scrotal varicoceles
paraneoplastic sx: anemia vs. erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, fever, hypercalcemia, cachexia

Classic appendicitis presentation ==> ?

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laparoscopy w/out further imaging

- imaging only if nonclassic sx

Rifampin SE

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red urine

Cerebellar tumors ==>

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ispilateral ataxia
nystagmus
intention tremors
loss of coordination

Hydroxychloroquine SE

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retinopathy

Postcholecystectomy syndrome presentation/evaluation

- persistent abdominal pain/dyspepsia postop or delayed after cholecystectomy 1. abdominal imaging (US) 2. direct visualization (ERCP

Ichthyosis vulgaris presentation

- dry/rough skin - horny plates over extensor surfaces of limbs - "lizard skin"

Psoriasis presentation

-silvery scales @ extensors: elbows, knees, scalp, trunk

SE of O2 therapy in severe COPD

- can lead to increased hypercapnea 2/2 increased dead space perfusion ==> V/Q mismatch, decreased aff. of oxygemoglobin to CO2, and reduced alveolar ventilation - goal spO2 = 90-93%

Testing for lactose intolerance

- (+) hydrogen breath test - (+) stool test for reducing substances - low stool pH - increased stool osmotic gap

When to vaccinate against yellow fever

before travel to sub-saharan african and equatorial S. American countries

Elderly pt. w/GI painless bleeding + maroon-colored stools ==> dx?

angiodysplasia = dilated submucosal veins and AV malformations frequently missed on colonoscopy

TEN vs. SJS

- 30% BSA = TEN

MOA of sodium bicarb in TCA overdose

- increases serum pH & extracellular sodium ==> | - releives cardio-depressant action on myocardial sodium channels

Evaluation of zenker's diverticulum

contrast esophogram (not GI endoscopy)

CT in PE

classic = wedge-shaped infarction

Increased palpitations when lying on left side ==> dx?

aortic regurgitation ==> brings enlarged L. ventricle closer to chest wall and leads to pounding sensation

Initial eval/management of GCA

1. steroids (high dose IV methylpred) | 2. temporal artery biopsy

Most common STD/gram stain

- chlamydia > gonorrhea - neither usually show on gram stain - + nucleic acid testing

Tx of central retinal artery occlusion

ocular massage and high flow oxygen

Presentation of menopausal genitourinary syndrome

- vulvovaginal atrophy | - + urinary sx ==> UTIs, incontinence

central vs. peripheral facial n. lesion

- peripheral = ipsilateral weakness of all facial m. | - central ==> contralateral weakness that spares the forehead/ability to close eye

Causes of primary adrenal insufficiency

- autoimmune - infections (TB, HIV, diss. fungal) - hemorrhagic infarction - metastatic

CSF in GBS

elevated protein w/normal cell count

Facial rash in SLE

darker erythema, spares the nasolabial folds

Middle mediastinal tumors

- tracheal tumors - pericardial cysts - lymphoma - aortic aneurysms

UWorld_8.03 Flashcards

(45 cards)