CCHM 1 (lab) > Venipuncture > Flashcards

Venipuncture Flashcards

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1
Q

The most common way to collect blood specimens.

A

Venipuncture

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2
Q

[3] Venipuncture can be performed by three basic methods

A
  1. Evacuated tube system
  2. Needle and syringe
  3. Winged infusion set (butterfly)
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3
Q

Drops of blood for testing can be obtained by puncturing the capillary bed of the skin with a lancet or other sharp device.

A

Capillary puncture

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4
Q

Capillary specimen collection also known as?

A

Dermal or skin puncture

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5
Q

Disposable, narrow-bore plastic or plastic-clad glass capillary tubes that fill by capillary action and typically hold 50 to 75 uL of blood (0.05 mL – 0.075 mL)

A

Capillary tubes/Microhematocrit tubes

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6
Q

Length:

[capillary tubes]

A

75 mm or 7.5 inches

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7
Q

Also called microtubes special small plastic tubes;

A

Micro collection tubes

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8
Q

Used to collect the tiny amounts of blood obtained from capillary punctures.

A

Micro collection tubes

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9
Q

Often referred to as “bullets” because of their size and shape.

A

Micro collection tubes

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10
Q

[6] BD Microtainer tubes with BD microgard closure order of draw

A
  1. Lavender
  2. Green
  3. Mint green
  4. Gray
  5. Gold
  6. Red
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11
Q

Plastic or clay sealants that come in small trays are used to seal one end of microhematocrit tube.

A

Sealants

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12
Q

Size/Length:

[sealants]

A

5-6mm or 4.6 mm

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13
Q

Allows collection of multiple tubes during venipuncture.

A

Multisample needles

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14
Q

It is threaded so it can screw into a tube holder, and it has a beveled point on each end.

[ets]

A

Multisample needle

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15
Q

It is a plastic cylinder with a small opening for a needle at one end and a large opening for tubes at the other.

[ets]

A

Needle holders

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16
Q

Are available to accommodate collection tubes of different sizes.

[ets]

A

Needle holders

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17
Q

Have a PREMEASURED VACCUM that automatically draws the volume of blood indicated on the label.

A

Evacuated tubes

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18
Q

Anticoagulant: Yellow

A

SPS (0.025%) or Acid Citrate

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19
Q

Number of inversions: Yellow

A

8 - 10x

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20
Q

Anticoagulant: Blue

A

Sodium citrate (3.2% or 3.8%)

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21
Q

Number of inversions: Light blue

A

3 - 4x

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22
Q

The ratio of blood to the liquid sodium citrate is critical and should be

A

9 to 1

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23
Q

The increased citrate in the sample will interfere with the?

A

Coagulation tests

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24
Q

Anticoagulant: Red

A

NO ANTICOAGULANT

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25
Anticoagulant: Green
Heparin combined with sodium, lithium, or ammonium ion
26
Number of inversions: Green
8 - 10 x
27
Anticoagulant: Lavender
K2 EDTA
28
Number of inversions: Lavender
8 - 10xA
29
Anticoagulant: White
K2 EDTA with gel (PPTs)
30
Number of inversions: White
8 - 10x
31
Additive: Gray
Sodium flouride
32
Number of inversions: Gray
8 - 10x
33
Additive: Black
Buffered Sodium Citrate/ Oxalate
34
Number of inversions: Black
8 - 10x
35
Prevent blood from clotting.
Anticoagulant
36
[4] Anticoagulants
1. Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA) 2. Citrates 3. Heparin 4. Oxalates
37
It prevent glycolysis.
Anti-glycolytic agents
38
It is used to COLLECT ETHANOL specimens to prevent an increase in alcohol due to FERMENTATION by bacteria.
Sodium fluoride
39
Are coagulation factors such as thrombin.
Clot activators
40
Are inert substances contained in or near the bottom of certain tubes.
Thixotropic gel separators
41
Yellow [collection tubes]
Bacterial culture
42
Light blue [collection tubes]
Coagulation
43
Red, Green, Gray [collection tubes]
Chemistry
44
Lavender and Black [collection tubes]
Hematology
45
White [collection tubes]
Molecular
46
Combines with calcium to form an insoluble salt. [anticoagulant]
Oxalate
47
Combines with calcium in a NON-IONIZED form. [anticoagulant]
Citrate
48
Combines with calcium in a process (Chelation) [anticoagulant]
EDTA
49
Preparation: Sequestrene Versene [anticoagulant]
EDTA
50
It forms a weakly dissociated calcium component. [anticoagulant]
Fluoride
51
It acts antithrombin and anti thromboplastin; anti factor. [anticoagulant]
Heparin
52
Ideal universal anticoagulant.
Heparin
53
Preparation: [heparin]
Lithium Heparin
54
Available in a wide range of gauges and lengths for many different uses.
Syringe needle
55
Used to insert into the vein. [blood collection needle]
Needle's long end
56
Used to PIERCE the vacuum tube's rubber stopper. [blood collection needle]
Needle's short end
57
Variety of needle sizes:
1- 12 inches
58
Angled opening at the needle's tip. [blood collection needle]
Bevel
59
Yellow top [gauge]
20g
60
Green top [gauge]
21g
61
Black top [gauge]
22g
62
Blue top [gauge]
23g
63
Collection of donor units, autologous blood donation, and therapeutic phlebotomy. [needle type]
Special needle attached to collection bag
64
Used primarily as a transfer needle rather than for blood collection; safety issues have diminished use. [needle type]
Hypodermic
65
Sometimes used when large volume tubes are collected or large volume syringes are used on patients with NORMAL SIZE veins. [needle type]
Multisample Hypodermic (20)
66
Considered the STANDARD venipuncture needle for routine venipuncture on patients with normal veins or for syringe blood culture collection. [needle type]
Multisample Hypodermic (21)
67
Used on OLDER CHILDREN and ADULT patients with small veins or for syringe draws on difficult veins. [needle type]
Multisample Hypodermic (22)
68
Used on the veins of infants and children and on difficult or hand veins of adults. [needle type]
Butterfly (23)
69
They come in various gauges, with 23 gauge most commonly used for phlebotomy.
Winged Infusion Set
70
Smaller needles increase the risk of specimen hemolysis.
Winged Infusion Set
71
Syringe Needle Length:
1 or 1.5 inch
72
Disinfectant for ethanol testing. [phlebotomy equipment]
Benzalkonium Cl - (zephiran)
73
Dilution – 1:750 [phlebotomy equipment]
Benzalkonium Cl - (zephiran)
74
Lancet: Preferred length to avoid penetrating the bone.
1.75 mm
75
Are color coded to identify a type of additive, absence of additive, or special tube property. [phlebotomy equipment]
Tube stoppers
76
Normally uniform throughout the body. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Arterial blood
77
Primarily reserved for BLOOD GAS EVALUATION [source and composition of blood specimens]
Arterial blood
78
Technically DIFFICULT and potentially HAZARDOUS. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Arterial blood
79
Affected by metabolic activity of tissue it drains. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Venous blood
80
Lower O2 Content, Cl-, Glucose, pH, CO2, Lactic Acid & NH4 [source and composition of blood specimens]
Venous blood
81
IMPAIRED BLOOD FLOW can affect other analytes. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Venous blood
82
Contains arterial and venous blood plus tissue fluid is highest. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Venous blood
83
Warming the site increases it further. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Capillary blood
84
Capillary Glucose is normally higher. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Capillary blood
85
Ca+, K+ and Total Protein are normally lower. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Capillary blood
86
Squeezing the site can Falsely Elevate K+ levels. [source and composition of blood specimens]
Capillary blood
87
[3] Complications of Blood Sample Collection
1. Immediate Local Complications 2. Delayed Local Complications 3. General Delayed Complications
88
[2] Immediate Local Complication
1. Localized Hemoconcentration or Venous stasis 2. Syncope (fainting)
89
Increased in the proportion of formed elements in the blood due to prolonged application of tourniquet. [immediate local]
Localized Hemoconcentration or Venous stasis
90
Hemoconcentration Remedy:
One minute application of tourniquet
91
Due to sudden decrease of blood supply to the brain.
Syncope or Fainting
92
Syncope or Fainting Remedy:
Let the patient lie down. Give spirit of ammonia
93
[3] Delayed Local Complication
1. Thrombosis veins 2. Thrombophlebitis 3. Hematomas
94
Formation of blood clots inside the lumen of the vein due to trauma. [delayed local]
Thrombosis veins
95
INFLAMMATION OF THE VEIN due to thrombus as manifested by an inflammatory reaction on the outer skin surface. [delayed local]
Thrombophlebitis
96
Blue or black skin discoloration commonly due to repeated trauma or puncture of the veins. [delayed local]
Hematomas
97
[2] General Delayed Complication
1. Serum Hepatitis/HBV 2. HIV/AIDS
CCHM 1 (lab)
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