1
Q
define critical reflection
A
- process by which adults identify the assumptions governing their actions, locate the historical & cultural origins of these assumptions, question the meaning of them, and develop alternative ways of thinking
2
Q
what are the 3 levels of reflection
A
- content
- process
- premise
3
Q
what is content reflection
A
- the “what”
- used when we encounter a new situation and need to understand the difference between it & what they previously knew or understoof
4
Q
what is process reflection
A
- the how
- occurs when the practitioner perceives their current knowledge, abilities, or skills as insufficient to guide decision-making and action
- motivates the person to acquire new knowledge & skills
- fundamental to life-long learning & profession growth
5
Q
what is premise reflection
A
- the why
- includes deconstructing practice situation to unconver assumptions, social constructions, power-relations
6
Q
what are the 4 attributes of critical reflection
A
- perceive
- analysis
- reconstruct
- deconstruct
7
Q
what is perception r/t critical reflection
A
- taking note of a critical incident
- reveals gap in knowledge, between theory & practice, etc.
8
Q
what is analysis r/t critical reflection
A
- conducting a intellectual analysis of the situation to identify
1. root causes
2. appropruate actions
9
Q
what is reconstruction
A
- content or process reflection
involves:
1. identifying needed changes to current knowledge, skills, attitudes
2. making these changes to support professional growth & life-long learning
10
Q
when does reconstruction occur
A
- post-event
11
Q
what is deconstruction
A
involves:
- acknowledging & challenging the construction of knowledge & poiwer
- analyzing the role these play in creating normative assumptions
- engaging in strategies that de-stabilize these forces to empower clients & create social change
12
Q
what is positivism
A
- system rooted deeply in science
- states that there is a singular reality (one way to understand the phenomenom) and objective truth with no subjectivity
- states that knowledge comes from logic
- focuses on quantitive research
- and maintains objectivity thru rigid control of processes & neutral tools to faciliate accuracy and precisness
13
Q
what is constructivism
A
- system rooted closely with constructions
- states that knowledge comes from human experience
- states that there is multiple realities and subjective truths
- uses qualitative research where the researcher is the instrument
14
Q
define social construction
A
- the theory that what we accept as truth & reality is influenced by the social structures around us, and our social interactions & our interpretations of those interactions
- many aspects of the world exist only bc of social agreement of them
15
Q
what does social construction help shape
A
- beliefs
- values
- perceptions
- how we few others
16
Q
what are the 2 types of social construction
A
- weak
- strong
17
Q
what is weak construction
A
- social constructs based off brute facts
18
Q
what is strong construction
A
- states that all knowledge is a social construct
- no facts just exist
- explains reality thru the thoughts of humans
19
Q
reconstruction relates to what 2 types of reflection
A
- content (what)
- process (how)
20
Q
deconstruction relates to what type of reflection
A
- premise (why)
21
Q
define privilege
A
- socially constructed advantages granted to one person, or group of people
22
Q
when does deconstruction occur
A
- in the moment
23
Q
list 5 examples of privilege
A
- white
- male
- heterosexual
- ableist
- socio-economic
24
Q
what are the 4 models of disability
A
- medical
- minority
- social
- structural
25
what is the medical model of disability
- states that functional impairments are the impediment & should work at correcting
26
what is the minority model of disability
- sees the lack of equal rights between able & disabled persons as the impediment, which we should work at correcting
27
what is the structural model of disability
- sees the enviro as the impediment, which we should work at correcting
- society is built to be accessible to able bodied people bc they largely shape society
28
what is the social model of disability
- states that societal barriers are the primary impediment to individuals w disability
- states that disability is imposed on top of the impairment by systemic isolation and exclusion from full participation
29
what are some sources of diversity
- age
- sexual orientation
- socioecnomoics
- family
- race
- culture
- education
- life experiences
30
how do nurses maintain cultural competency
- cultural desire
- self awareness
- knowledge
- skills
- conduct cultural assessment
31
what is meant by cultural desire
- the want/desire to learn about other cultures
32
what is meant by self-awareness
- think critically about assumptions, stereotypes, or biases you hold
33
what is meant by knowledge r/t cultural competency
- exposing yourself as often as possible to different cultures thru visits, convo, literature with people of broad cultural backgrounds
34
what is meant by skills r/t cultural competency
- adopting culturally appropriate communication
| - show respect & empathy to build a therapeutic alliance
35
what is meant by cultural assessment r/t cultural competency
- ask questions to ascertain the pt's cultural viewpoints to illness & care
36
define heterosexism
- view of heterosexuality being the only correct orientation
37
what are the 3 forms of racism
- institutionalized
- personally-mediated
- internalized
38
what is institutionalized racism
- how racism is embedded in instiutions of practice, law, and government inaction
39
what is personally-mediated racism
- prejudice & discrimination
| - manifests as lack of respect, suspicion, devaluation, scapegoating, and de-humanization
40
what is internalized racism
- when those who are stigmatized accept the messages about their abilities and lack of worth
- leading to resignation, helplessness, and lack of hope
41
what are 5 ways racism harms health
- economic deprivation
- social deprivation
- socially inflicted trauma (mental, physical, social)
- inadequate or degrading medical care
- degradation of ecosystem
