1
Q
define stress
A
- a series of reactions to external & internal demands
2
Q
what is the reaction to stress determined by
A
- duration
- severity
- resources
- coping actions taken
3
Q
define coping
A
- an action directed toward change theu conscious or unconscious thoughts & behaviors to avoid harm and restore balance
4
Q
is stress good or bad
A
- can be either
- good = can motivate you, lead to resilience
- bad if chronic or leads to harmful effects on the body
5
Q
what are 3 types of stress
A
- acute
- chroic
- episodic
6
Q
what is acute stress
A
- short duration
- can be intense
- resolves immediately when stressor is addressed
7
Q
what is an example of an acute stress
A
- infection
- argument
8
Q
what is episodic stress
A
- self inflicted or recurring stress
- somegtimes cyclical in nature
9
Q
what are examples of episodic stress
A
- exams
- deadlines
10
Q
what is chronic stress
A
- perpetual, constant pressure
- usually prolonged duration
- often impacts health & wellbeing
11
Q
what are examples of chronic stress
A
- homelessness
- chronic illness
- addicition
- marital issues
- malnutrition
- stressful job
12
Q
what are 3 types of durations of stress
A
- short-term
- medium-term
- long-term
13
Q
what is short term stress
A
- arise from small stressors that result in temporary anxiety
= increased HR, BP, RR etc. adrenalin rush
14
Q
what is an example of a short term stress
A
- near miss in a car accident
15
Q
what is medium term stress
A
- often triggered by bigger events
- more profound but temporary effects on health
16
Q
what is long term stress
A
- may be chronic forms of stress related to accumulation of events w lasting effects on health
17
Q
what is the general adaptation syndrome
A
the way your bodt copes with stress
18
Q
what are the 3 phases of the general adaptation syndrome
A
- alarm rxn
- resistance or adaptation
- exhaustion
19
Q
describe the alarm rxn phase of the GAS
A
- body reacts to the stress
= SNS activation
20
Q
describe the resistance phase of the GAS
A
- adapatation to the stress
= sustained release of cortisol in attempt to maintain arousal
21
Q
describe the exhaustion phase of GAS
A
- bodys resources have been depleted
22
Q
what is the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS)
A
- list of events that can cause stress
- rates how stressful & the scale of impact each event is
23
Q
what does the SRRS not account for
A
- context –> what other variables are in play
ex. divorce may not be as stressful for someone who has already had 3 compared to someone’s first
24
Q
how can stress manifest in the body
A
- hair loss
- weight loss
- poor immune system
- fatigue, depression
- increased BG
- HTN
25
what are physical indicators of excess stress
- rapid pulse
- sweating
- pounding heart
- tightened stomach
- tense arms & legs
- SOB
- tense teeth & jaw
- restlessness
- sore back & shoulders
26
what are psychological indicators of excess stress
- inability to conc
- indecisiveness
- cravings
- decreased self confidence
- worry or anxiety
- frustration
- depressions
27
what are some behavior indicators of stress
- smoking
- med use
- nervous tics
- absent minded
- accident proneness
- hair pulling
- nail biting
- foot tapping
- sleep disturbance
- increased use of alcohol
- addictive eatin
28
how does stress relate to coping
- the type, duration of stress determines what kind of coping you use
- inadequate coping can lead to more stress
- positive coping = decreased stress
- coping can lead to avoidance behaviors (ex. procastination) = more stress
29
describe the scope of stress & coping (3)
- stress neutral = coping effective
- challenge/manageable = coping effective but new skills may be needed
- stress not manageable = coping ineffective, exceeds capacity to manage, requires outside assistance
30
define coping
- the process thru which the individual manages the demands of the person-enviro relationship that is appraised as stressful
31
what are the 3 categories of coping strategies
1. problem focused
2. emotion focused
3. meaning focused
32
what is problem focused coping
- coping directed at eliminating the stressor
33
what is emotion focused coping
- coping dircted at changing one's emotional rxn
34
what is meaning focused coping
- coping directed at ...
35
what are examples of positive coping strategies
- education
- social support
- exercise
- therapeutic lifestle change
- music
- relaxation strategies
36
define coherence
- logical & consistent
| - unified whole
37
what does sense of coherence mean
- things under control & will work out
38
what is the benefit to strong sense of coherence
- may be related to good or excellent health outcomes
39
describe the role of social supports on an individuals health
makes them
- feel cared for & loved
- feel esteemed & values
- involvement in network of communication & mutual obligation = sense of purpose
40
what is resilience
- the abiolity to respond to challenges in ways that are helpful to their own well being
- often related to stress
41
define resiliency
- the ability of people to cope effectively when faced w considerable adversity or risk
42
what is the outcome of effective coping
- resilience
43
what is absolute poverty
- describes deprivation
| - situation where a person cant afford basic needs such as adequate food, shelter, clothing, transportation
44
what is relative poverty
- describes inequality,
| - situation where a person is noticeably worse off than most people in their community
45
what are some factors that contribute to smoking
- single motherhood
- stress from partners
- peer pressure
- family
- smoking ads
- smoking history
46
what are deterrents to smoking
- health & antismoking bylaws
47
what are triggers for smoking
- stress & anxiety
- seeing someone else smoking
- feeling judged for smoking
- lack of alternative treats
48
what are perceptions about smoking
- helps control anger
- helps manage stress
- is a reward
- gives identity
- addiction
- habit
- the system
49
what are limiting factors for smoking
- guilt
- stigmitazation
- shame
50
what are some interventions for smoking
- 1-on-1 support
- support groups
- treatment centers
- smoker anon
- alternative strategies to deal w stress
- education
- smoking cessation aids
51
what is cognition
- brain function
| - includes language, problem solving, higher order functioning
52
what is the connection between the mind & body
- stress can impact the body
- psychoneuroimmunology ---> stress = immunocompromised
- may not always be clear
