what is social exclusion
- refers to certain groups being denied the opportunity to participate in Canadian life
- includes social, political, cultural, economic life
what populations are often effected by social exclusion
- indigenous
- people of color
- immigrants
- low income canadians
- women
- people w disabilities
what are 4 aspects to social exclusion
- denial of participation in civil affairs as a result of legal sanction (gay marriage)
- systemic forms of discrimination (ex. not allowed to practice a profession)
- denial of social goods
- lack of affordable housing & less access to services
what are some social goods people who are socially excluded are denied
- health care
- education
- housing
- income security
- language services
what are some consequences of social exclusion
- creates living conditions & personal experiences that endangers health
- ## creates sense of powerlessness, hopeflessness, depression
how does social exclusion relate to intersectionality
can intersect w:
- social exclusion
- geography (often in poor & rougher areas of the city bc of cheaper rent)
- new comers
describe the impact of geography on health
impacts:
- air we breath
- food and water we consume
- environmental pollution
- creates specific vulnerabilities & health risks
describe the health of immigrants in canada
- declines after they enter canada
- also often unemployed
- intersects with geograpy, gender, and race to determine health
what are the 5 categories of immigrants
- family
- economic
- protected person or refuge
- humanitarian or other
- migrants & asylum seekers
describe the family category of immigrants
- persons closely related to canadian residents who live in canada
describe the economic category of immigrants
- skilled workers, caregivers, business persons
describe the protected person or refugee category of immigrants
- persons escaping from persecution, torture, cruel & unusual punishment, war
describe the humanitarian category of immigrants
- persons accepted as immigrants for humanitarian or compassionate reasons
are sex workers at a higher risk of STIs because of their work
- no, there is no clear evidence that they are
- primary exposure to STIs is by intimate partners (nonpaying)
define stigma
- mark of disgrace
- dislike towards elements that pose a threat to society
- form of structural violence or social discipline that upholds social order & maintains power
what are consequences of stigma
- social inequalities
- violence
- discriminatory practices
- social isolation
- criminilization (thru institutionalized stigma)
- effects healthcare (asking for help & not getting it)
- public rejection & humilitiation
what are 3 sources of stigma
- in-group
- out-group
- family & intimate partners
what is criminalization
- how societies institutionalize disapproval of something
= institutionalization of stigma
what is bill C-36
protection of communities and exploited persons act
according to bill C-36, it is currently a criminal offense to… and how does this effect the health of sex workers
- purchase sex services = lot more criminal customers = dangerous & screening harder
- advertise the sale of someone else’s sex service
- receive material benefit from prostituion
- communicate in public about selling sexual services = making it “underground” or in isolated areas
- higher penality if in view of or next to a park, school, daycare, or religious instituion where a minor may be present
what are some impacts of criminalization on sex workers
- isolation of outdoors sex work
- barriers accessing police protection out of fear of being criminalized, harrasses, client retaliation
- risk of violence
