1
Q
what is primary health care
A
- a strategy for public health systems
- addresses the main problems in the community
- deals with populations/communities
- approach to health & a spectrum of services among the traditional health care system
- includes all services that play a role in health
- socioenvironmental approach to care
2
Q
what is primary care
A
- first point of contact in health system
- individual/family unit center
- largely aligned w biomedical model
3
Q
what are the 5 principles to primary health care
A
- access to care
- appropriate technology
- intersectoral collaboration
- public participation
- health promotion (and its 5 aspects)
4
Q
what are 5 characteristics of health promotoion
A
- health public policy
- supportive enviro
- strengthening community action
- reorientating health services
- developing personal skills
5
Q
what is a policy
A
- a statement of direction resulting from a decision-making process that applies reason, evidence, and values in public or private settings
6
Q
what is public policy
A
- can be a course of action chosen to address identified problems
- addresses problems and groups of inter-related problems
- can also be a course of inaction
7
Q
what is politics about
A
- power
- the ability to control & manipulate one’s enviro and everything in it
8
Q
list the characteristics of policy (5)
A
- shoulds and oughts
- values, goals, and principles
- usually proactive
- develops thru a process (problem identification, implementation, eval)
- use of research and data
9
Q
list the characteristics of politics
A
- focuses on conditions
- uses power
- primarly reactive
- foundation is philosophical (ex. political party)
- developed thru political process
- shapes content for policy & policy processes
10
Q
what policies guide nursing practice
A
- health professions act (nursing act)
- scope of practice
- standards of practice (professional standards)
- practice guidelines
11
Q
what are the 3 key elements of a policy
A
- problem definition
- policy goals
- policy instruments
12
Q
describe problem definition
A
- problem should be defined
- background & rationale
13
Q
describe policy goals
A
- what is the policy trying to achieve
- objectives/indicators
14
Q
what are policy instruments
A
- methods to implement/reinforce policy
15
Q
what is personhood
A
- standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being by others, in the context of relationship and social being
- implies recognition, respect, and trust
- the attributes possessed by human beings that make them persons
16
Q
how might the loss of personhood occur thru racism and stereotypinh
A
- when someone is subjected to racism & stereotyping, they are not treated as a person with feelings
- not seen as who they are, but “what” they are & the stereotypes associated w them
= loss of personhood
17
Q
how might loss of personhood affect health outcomes & wellness of people, particularly those whose race, ethnicity, and/or culture differ from the dominant culture…
A
= less likely to access health care
= internalized thoughts against themselves = feeling hopelessness = less positive coping strategies
18
Q
describe race as a social determinant of health
A
- biological & genetic factors & race are not necessarily the determinant health but rather the discrimination & oppression is
- experience racism & discrimination in the health care system = ineffective treatment
19
Q
what is oppression
A
- when discriminatory actions or inactions are supported or condoned by the healthcare system or other instituional structures
20
Q
define race
A
- a vague unscientific term for a group of genetically related people who share some physical traits
21
Q
define health promotoion
A
- process of enabling people to increase control over & to improve their health
- wide range of social and environmental interventions that are designed to benefit and protect individual people’s health and quality of life by addressing and preventing the root causes of ill health, not just focusing on treatment and cure
22
Q
define health
A
- state of complete physical, mental, social wellbeing
- not just the mere absence of disease
23
Q
what are the 5 action areas of the Ottawa charter
A
- building healthy public policy
- creating supportive enviro
- strengthening community action
- re-orientating health services
- developing personal skills
24
Q
describe building healthy public policy r/t to the ottawa charter
A
- healthy public policies that protect the health of individuals and communities
- makes it easier to make healthy choices
ex. seatbelts, helmets, smoking laws
25
describe creating supportive enviro r/t to the ottawa charter
- supportive enviro where people live, work, learn, and play
| ex. restrict junk food ads, outdoor running spaces, phamplets
26
describe strengthening community action r/t to the ottawa chart
- collective actions of the community to improve health
| ex. community kitchen, support organization, food drive
27
describe re-orientating health services r/t to the ottawa charter
- holistic approach
- strengthen protective factors
- reducing risk factors
- improve health deteminants
ex. health educator roles, improve access to health care
28
describe developing personal skills r/t the ottawa charter
- supports personal & social development
- increase info, education, and life skills
- make positive health choices
ex. online education, health classes
29
define advocate
- individual & social actions to obtain political commitment, political support, and social systems
30
define mediate
- process in which individual communities & public/private sectors are reconciled to promote health
31
define enable
- activities in partnership w individuals to empower & promote health
32
define personhood
- a standing or status that is bestowed upon one human being, by others, in the context of relationship & social being
- being seen & valued as a person
- implies recognition, trust, and respect
- pts should receive individualized care, respectful of their needs & wishes
33
what is the alma ata
- declaration that urges gvmts, international organization, HCP, etc. to support primary care
- channel increased technical and financial support to it
34
define racism
- an ideology of inferiority that is used to justify unequal treatment of members of groups defined as inferior, by both individuals and societal institutions
35
describe the cycle of oppression
1. biased info leads to stereotyping
2. prejudice
3. discrimination
4. oppression
