1
Q
define health inequality
A
- refers to measurable differences in health between individuals, groups, or communities
- used interchangeable w health disparities
- includes higher burden of illness, injury, disability, or mortalitiy experiences by one group relative to another
2
Q
define health equity
A
- means all people (indiv, groups, communities) have a fair chance to reach their full health potential and are not disadvantaged by social, economic, and enviro conditions
3
Q
define social justice
A
- the equitable & fair distribution of society’s benefits, responsibilities, and their consequences
- focuses on the relative position of social advantage of one individual or social group in relationship to others in society & the root causes of inequities and what can be done to eliminate them
4
Q
what are the 5 attributes of social justice
A
- fairness
- equity in distrubition of power, resources, and processes that influence SDoH
- just institutions, systems, structures, policies, and processes
- equity in human development, rights, sustainability
- sufficiency in well-being
5
Q
what are 5 antecedents of social justice
A
- society
- respect
- political will & popular support
- justness
- equity
6
Q
what are the consequences of social justice (6)
A
- peace
- liberty
- equity
- just ordering of society
- sufficiency of social determinants of health
- health, safety, security for all of society’s members
7
Q
what is considered poverty in canada
A
- not enough income to purchase a specific basket of goods and services in their community
8
Q
what is included in the “basket of goods”
A
- food
- shelter
- household operations
- clothing & footwear
- transportation
- health & personal care
9
Q
what is food insecurity
A
- the inability to acquire or consume an adequate diet quality, or sufficient quantity of food in socially acceptable ways
- or the uncertainty that one will be able to do so
10
Q
what 3 categories are most effected by minimum wage?
A
- sex: women
- age (15-24)
- immigrants
11
Q
what is ECD
A
- early child development
12
Q
what are the 3 effects of ECD
A
- latency
- pathway
- cumulative
13
Q
why is it important to consider ECD
A
- impoverishment, inequity, and social exclusion are all exacerbated when they occur to children & continue throughout life
14
Q
what are latency effects
A
- refers to relationships between an exposure & experience at one point in life and the probability of health expressions years or decades later
- early experiences & exposures have long-lasting effects on development (cognitive, affective, and social processes) of children
A = B
15
Q
what is an example of a latency effect
A
- premature birth & low birth weight can lead to an immature immune system,
- asbestos can elevate the risk of cancer decades after exposure has ceased
16
Q
what are pathway effects
A
- represent dependent sequences of exposures in which exposure at one stage of the life course influences the probability of other exposures later in life, and so on
- exposures to some factor can lead to a dependent sequential experience or exposure later in life
A –> B –> C
17
Q
what is an example of a pathway effect
A
- divorce of one’s parents early in life –> reduce readiness to learn at school entry –> affect school performance –> effect later employment opportunities –> low income –> effect health and so on
18
Q
what are cumulative effects
A
- refers to multiple exposures over the life course whose effects on health combine
- may be multiple exposures to a single recurrent factor (ex. smoking) or a series of exposures to different factors
- multiple and/or repeated exposures over the course of early life combine together to negatively impact health later
A+A+A = outcome or A+B+C = outcoe
19
Q
what is an example of a cumulative effect
A
- poverty
- DV
20
Q
what is the difference between equality & equity
A
- equality = everyone treated the same way
= can result in unfairness - equity = everyone treated fairly
21
Q
define health equities
A
- equity = individuals, families, and communities have fair access to resources
22
Q
social justice may help us recognize
A
- advantages some groups or individuals have relative to others
- root causes of inequities
- need for action to eliminate inequities
23
Q
what is oppression
A
- when prejudice & discrimination is backed up by systems of power
ex. education, health care, justice, social care
24
Q
define stereotype
A
- negative belief, fixed image, or distorted idea about a group of people
25
what are social determinants of health
- conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age that impact an individuals health
26
why are conditions of early childhood important
- includes critical stages of physical, mental, and emotional development
- fundamental in creating a healthy foundation for adult health
27
what are 4 keys to positive long-term efffects in ECD
- healthy attachments
- stimulation
- access to quality child care
- access to activities
28
why are work & employment conditions imp for health
- people spend lots of time there
| - a stressful job can contribute to HTN and psychological problems
29
why is income imp for health
- low income associated w more illness & shorter lives
| - effects all other SDoH
30
what is an example of how access to housing is imp to health
- exposure to dampness & mould can contribute to asthma attacks
31
what is social includsion
- the ability to participate in social & cultural activities
- ability to enjoy social goods such as health care, education, and language services
- process of improving the terms of participation in society for people who are disadvantaged thru enhanced opportunities, access to resources, voice, respect for rights
32
what is the most important developmental phase throughout the lifespan
- early childhood development
33
what is the social safety net
- range of benefit programs and supports that protect citizens during various life changes that can affect their health
34
what is EDI
- early development instruments
35
EDI monitors child performance in 5 areas of development. what are they
- physical health & well being
- social competence
- emotional maturity
- language & cognitive development
- communication skills & general knowledge
