Week 2

Question 1

What does week 2 entail

Answer 1

arrhythmias
parkinsons
type 1 and 2 diabetes

Question 2

Make a summary of arrythmia

Answer 2

make a summary of arrythmia

Question 3

Which of the following is not a symptom of arrythmia and what is the pnuemonic to remember it

Shortness of breath
Abnormally fast or slow pulse
Dizzy
Palpitations

Hemoptysis

Answer 3

Hemoptysis

SAD Palpitations

Shortness of breath
Abnormally fast or slow pulse
Dizzy

Palpitations

Question 4

When a patient first presents with signs of atrial fibrillation what anticoagulant should they recieve

indapamide
apixaban
warfarin
heparin
dabigatran

Answer 4

heparin

Question 5

What is the way to remember the different doacs

Answer 5

READ

rivaroxaban
edoxaban
apixaban
dabigatran

Question 6

When a patient presents with atrial fibrillation they need to undergo various different evaluations what evaluation is the least appropriate

hasbled
cha2ds2vasc
orbit
ecg

Answer 6

hasbled as it has now been replaced by the orbit score

Question 7

A patient can be treated with rhythm control which of the following is not an example of rhythm control

flecanide
amiodarone
sotalol
betablockers
electrical cardioversion
verapamil

Answer 7

verapamil is not a type of rhythm control

Question 8

A patient can be treated with rate control which of the following is not an example of rate control

DIVED BETA

Answer 8

Diltiazem
Verapamil
Digoxin

(DIVED)

Betablockers

Question 9

Explain the term paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Answer 9

episodes of atrial fibrillation that stop within 7 days and usually within 48 hours without any treatment

Question 10

which of the following is least likely to be a cause of atrial fibrillation

Coronary heart disease
heart valve disease
hypertension
aging
cardiomyopathy
stress

Answer 10

stress

Question 11

in what situation would a patient require electrical cardioversion

a patient presents with new onset <48 hours af but is haemodynamically stable

a patient presents with new onset >48 hours af but is haemodynamically stable

a patient presents with new onset <48 hours af but is haemodynamically unstable

Answer 11

a patient presents with new onset <48 hours af but is haemodynamically unstable

Question 12

which of the following is least appropriate to treat a supraventricular arrhythmias

verapamil
adenosine
cardiac glycosides
beta blockers

Answer 12

beta blockers

Question 13

which of the following is the most appropriate choice of treatment for ventricular arrhythmias

lidocaine & sotalol
lidocaine & labetolol
flecainide & sotalol
flecainide & labetolol
flecainide & bisoprolol

Answer 13

lidocaine & sotalol

Question 14

which of the following is the most appopriate treatment choice for a supraventricular arrhythmias

amiodarone & betablockers
digoxin & betablockers
CCB & betablockers
CCB & digoxin
Digoxin & amiodarone

Answer 14

amiodarone & betablockers

Question 15

what drugs are in class 1 of vaughan willams scale

Answer 15

lidocaine
flecainide

Question 16

what drugs are in class 2 of vaughan williams scale

Answer 16

beta blockers

Question 17

what drug is part of class 2 and 3 of vaughan williams scale

Answer 17

sotalol

Question 18

what drugs are in class 3 of vaughan williams scale

Answer 18

sotalol
amiodarone

Question 19

what drugs are in class 4 of vaughan williams scale

Answer 19

verapamil (NOT DIHYDROS)

Question 20

A clinician approaches you asking about a case where the patient has had af for more than 48 hours and wants to use electrical cardioversion he knows he will use amiodarone up to 12 months after but is asking how long to give it before which of the following is the most appropriate

2 weeks
3 weeks
4 weeks
5 weeks
6 weeks
7 weeks

Answer 20

3

Question 21

Which of the following is not a dihydropyridine (non rate limiting)

Amlodipine
Lacidipine
Lercanidipine
Nifedipine
Verapamil

Answer 21

verapamil is a non dihydropyridine

Question 22

What is the mechanism of action of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

Answer 22

Bind to calcium channels in the smooth muscles and prevent the influx of calcium ions leading to relaxation

Question 23

what is the mechanism of action of a non dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker

Answer 23

inhibiting the influx of calcium ions into cardiac and smooth muscle cells, leading to decreased heart rate, contractility, and blood pressure

Question 24

Which of the following are indications for calcium channel blockers

hypertension
oedema
arrythmia
myocardial infarction
angina

Answer 24

hypertension

angina

can also be used for arrythmia

Question 25

Which of the following calcium channel blockers can be used in heart failure amlodipine felodipine verapamil diltiazem nifedipine

Answer 25

amlodipine

Question 26

Which of the following calcium channel blockers can be given once daily multiple answers amlodipine nifedipine diltiazem verapamil felodipine

Answer 26

amlodipine felodipine

Question 27

which of the following calcium channel blockers can be given ONLY for hypertension amlodipine nifedipine diltiazem verapamil felodipine furosemide bumetanide lercanidipine lacidipine

Answer 27

lercanidipine lacidipine

Question 28

which of the following is not a side effect of dihydropyridines ankle oedema headache flushing dizzy constipation

Answer 28

constipation

Question 29

which of the following is not a side effect of non dihydropyridines bradcardia constipation hypotension headache

Answer 29

headache

Question 30

which of the needs to be brand prescribed due to not having similar clinical effect Diltiazem >60 tablets Nifedipine 5mg tablets Verapamil 40mg tablets Nifedipine 5mg MR Verapamil 40mg MR Diltiazem >60MR

Answer 30

Diltiazem >60 MR

Question 31

Which of the following has the highest chance to cause constipation furosemide verapamil diltiazem ramipril spironolactone

Answer 31

verapamil

Question 32

Which of the following should be avoided for concominant use with betablockers amlodipine verapamil ramipril high dose diltiazem nifedipine digoxin

Answer 32

Verapamil High dose diltiazem digoxin is cautioned

Question 33

which of the following is not a contraindication of non dihydropyridines severe left ventricular dysfunction heart block af with accessory pathway renal impairment egfr <60 liver impairment

Answer 33

renal impair and liver impair

Question 34

what are the contraindications of non dihydropyridines

Answer 34

severe left ventricular dysfunction heart block af with accessory pathway

Question 35

what is the main contraindication for a dihydropyridine

Answer 35

cardiogenic shock