Week 9b

Question 1

examples of external low tech memory aids (indirect)

Answer 1

notes
diary
photos
calendar/schedule
info board
memory book/wallet
pill organizer

Question 2

examples of external high tech memory aids (indirect)

Answer 2

watch reminders
computer
electronic organizers
cell phones
pager
time
automatic pill dispenser

Question 3

describe memory books/wallets

Answer 3

information about the client
portable
supporting conversation & communication
providing recognition cues
provide visually accessing topics

Question 4

what are cons of high tech memory aids

Answer 4

need to replace batteries
small and easy to lose
small and might be hard to read

Question 5

what are indirect (external) memory aids

Answer 5

Objects that are utilized to decrease cognitive load to assist with deficits in the areas of memory, executive function, and language

Question 6

how do indirect memory aids assist in memory

Answer 6

decrease cognitive load and helps with encoding, storing, and recalling information

Question 7

how do indirect memory aids assist in executive function

Answer 7

helps with planning, organziing, execution, verification

Question 8

how do indirect memory aids assist in language

Answer 8

decreases cognitive load and helps with semantics, pragmatics, syntax, phonology

Question 9

what can be included in a memory book?

Answer 9

– Biographical information (name, address)
– Collection of pictures & (family, experiences, objects, places)
– Items that can be placed in a book (dry flowers, cards)
– Descriptions (key words, 1-2 sentences)

Question 10

research by Bourgeois about memory books and wallets

Answer 10

– Increase in factual statements
– Reduce ambiguous utterances
– Improved quality of content
– Decreased unintelligibility and perseveration within utterances
– Increased efficacy of cueing strategies

Question 11

t or f: memory books are impairment-based

Answer 11

false

Question 12

t or f: reminiscence therapy is impairment-based

Answer 12

false

Question 13

the purpose of cognitive intervention in dementia

Answer 13

prevent or restore or compensate

Question 14

approaches to cognitive intervention in dementia

Answer 14

cognitive stimulation
cognitive training
cognitive rehab

Question 15

examples of cognitive stimulation

Answer 15

reminiscence
reality orientation
multi-sensory approaches

Question 16

examples of cognitive training

Answer 16

targets specific cognitive domains
training of direct memory or word-finding strategies

Question 17

examples of cognitive rehab

Answer 17

functional goals
compensatory strategies
indirect memory aids
procedural skill learning

Question 18

what are internal strategies

Answer 18

work directly on brain functions, (e.g., mental encoding or retrieval strategies like rehearsal or visual imagery)

Question 19

what are external strategies

Answer 19

support memory function, such as using a calendar or taking notes

Question 20

t or f: internal strategies work on impairments and brain function

Answer 20

true

Question 21

t or f: external strategies work on memory specific tasks

Answer 21

false - internal strategies work on memory tasks

Question 22

difference btwn external and internal strategies

Answer 22

external strategies support learning
internal strategies work directly on function

Question 23

examples of direct strategies

Answer 23

• mnemonics
• face-name association through rehearsal
• imagery (evoke sounds, sights, smells)
• chunking (phone numbers)
• creating a story around important facts/words
• categorization (grouping items on a list)
• picture it (learn route by making mental map)
• saliency (important aspects)
• association (of new things to known things)
• elaboration/exaggeration (talk about something a lot)
• repetition (spaced retrieval)

Question 24

what is the best way to learn

Answer 24

repetition and spaced recall

Question 25

what type of memory is first to go in Alzheimer's?

Answer 25

episodic memory

Question 26

Repeated exposure is a(n) _______ approach

Answer 26

direct

Question 27

what to do when patient fails repeated exposure

Answer 27

provide information and ask patient to repeat it correctly

Question 28

repeated exposure relies on which type of memory systems?

Answer 28

non-declarative memory systems

Question 29

t or f: patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD) have a deficit in non-declarative memory systems

Answer 29

false, spared in patients w AD

Question 30

what do non-declarative memory systems refer to? (characteristics)

Answer 30

procedural memory motor memory capacity for stimulus-response conditioning

Question 31

examples of goals when targeting people or objects

Answer 31

- names of common objects - face-name and & object-location associations - family members names - pill name recall

Question 32

examples of goals when targeting episodic memory

Answer 32

- to remember to do future action - to remember info about recent events

Question 33

examples of goals when targeting external strategies and/or functional behaviours

Answer 33

- use a strategy - use external memory aids - use cue cards for safe swallowing strategies - mealtime and eating behaviours - to use a walker - to use voicemail

Question 34

errorless learning is a(n) ______ approach

Answer 34

direct

Question 35

how to apply errorless learning to dementia

Answer 35

- learning new info - relearning forgotten info - face and name associations - biographical info - using calendar and electronic memory aid - taking meds in timely fashion

Question 36

what is reminiscence therapy

Answer 36

a structured approach that uses prompts like photos, music, and objects to help people, especially those with dementia, recall past experiences and feelings

Question 37

two types of reminiscence therapy

Answer 37

- personal life review - discussion group

Question 38

describe personal life review (reminiscence therapy)

Answer 38

conducted individually and for a therapeutic purpose

Question 39

describe discussion group (reminiscence therapy)

Answer 39

- patients sharing memories that are evoked through old photos/songs/objects - pleasure and entertainment/socialization purposes - encourage patients to value their lives by reminiscing about "good days"

Question 40

findings from discussion group therapy

Answer 40

found to improve level of cognition and QoL immediately after and 6-mos post-tx

Question 41

purpose of reality orientation

Answer 41

Orient the patient to reality => improve memory and cognition

Question 42

reality orientation procedure

Answer 42

Repeatedly reorienting the patient to the environment (date, weather, schedule)

Question 43

Purpose of validation therapy

Answer 43

To facilitate person’s journey through each stage of the disease with the use of touch, eye contact, tone of voice *only anecdotal evidence of efficacy*