38 D > Week 9c > Flashcards

Week 9c Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

what memory type is the first to go in dementia

A

episodic memory

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2
Q

how to eliminate distractions

A
  • reduce distractions by simplifying the surroundings (e.g., TV, radio…etc.)
  • associated with fewer breakdowns in communication
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3
Q

how to approach a patient

A
  • Establish and maintain eye-contact
  • Well lit space to minimize startling the patient (gentle introductions)
  • Introduce yourself each time you speak to the client with dementia
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4
Q

what communication strategy places minimal demands on working memory

A

use short simple sentences

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5
Q

pros of using short simple sentences

A
  • Fewer breakdowns in communication with caregiver
  • Improves auditory comprehension
  • Fewer errors (compared to complex) in sentence-picture matching task
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6
Q

con of using short simple sentences

A

may actually lead to a faster decline in ability to understand complex sentences

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7
Q

list of communication strategies

A
  • short simple sentences
  • speak slowly
  • ask one question at a time
  • give one instruction at a time
  • repeat and rephrase
  • avoiding interrupting, allowing time to respond
  • encourage pts w dementia to use circumlocution
  • total communication
  • stay in the conversation
  • have fun
  • avoid the 4 c’s
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8
Q

pros of speaking slowly

A
  • allows for longer processing time
  • caregivers report it is helpful
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9
Q

t or f: there is no difference in sentence comprehension at slow and normal speech rates

A

true

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10
Q

cons on speaking slowly

A
  • more breakdowns in communication with caregiver
  • may place more demands on working memory
  • need to find perfect pace
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11
Q

t or f: higher demands on WM override the benefits of additional processing time

A

true

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12
Q

t or f: people with dementia process at the same speed as people without dementia

A

false, process slowerw

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13
Q

what is elderspeak

A

systematic speech accommodations directed toward older adults

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14
Q

strategies used in elderspeak

A
  • Simplistic vocabulary and grammar
  • Shortened sentences
  • Slowed speech
  • Exaggerated prosody
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15
Q

outcomes of elderspeak

A
  • Decreased successful task performance
  • Negative assessments of their communicative competence
  • Resistance to care
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16
Q

t or f: people with Alzheimers have more difficulties with multi-propositional sentences

A

true, due to working memory

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17
Q

communication is more successful when relying on _______ memory as opposed to ______ memory

A

semantic, episodic
*think about why

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18
Q

communicative success is highest with which type of questions

A

yes/no (83%)

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19
Q

communicative success is lower with which type of questions

A

choice questions (67%)

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20
Q

communicative success is lowest with which type of questions

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A

open-ended (39%)

21
Q

t or f: y/n questions were associated with greater communication breakdowns

22
Q

when to use closed-ended questions

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A

questions regarding everyday living tasks

23
Q

when to use open-ended questions

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A

to encourage emotional responses

24
Q

findings of repeating and rephrasing?

Study These Flashcards
A

Comprehension of complex sentences improved when they were repeated or paraphrased in a sentence-picture matching task

25
t or f: caregivers found it important to finish their loved ones sentences
false, dont interrupt
26
t or f: avoiding interrupting resulted in clear differences in patient's responses
false, no clear differences
27
why encourage circumlocution?
to reduce frustration (from patient)
28
t or f: caregivers use this strategy more than they reported
false, used less than reported (overestimated)
29
what are the 4 c's
- Confront (“Did you put sugar in the fridge again!”) - Contradict (“No! Your doctor never said that!”) - Correct (“Today is Tuesday, not Sunday”) - Criticize (“As usual, you did not take your pills on time!”)
30
what is the focused program
Face to face Orientation Continuity Unsticking Structure Exchange Direct
31
what are the components of face to face (focused)
1) face to patient 2) attract patients attention 3) maintain eye contact
32
what are the components of orientation (focused)
1) orient patient by repeating key words several times 2) repeat sentences exactly 3) give the patient time to comprehend what you say
33
what are the components of continuity (focused)
1) continue the same topic of conversation for as long as possible 2) prepare the patient if a new topic must be introduced
34
what are the components of unsticking (focused)
1) help patients become "unstuck" when they use a word incorrectly by suggesting the word they are looking for 2) repeat the patient's sentence using the correct word 3) ask "do you mean..."
35
what are the components of structure (focused)
1) structure questions to give patient a simple choice to respond with 2) provide only two options at a time 3) provide options that the patient would like
36
what are the components of exchange (focused)
1) keep up the normal exchange of ideas we find in conversation 2) begin conversations with pleasant, normal topics 3) ask easy questions that the patient can answer 4) give the patient clues as to how to answer
37
what are the components of direct (focused)
1) keep sentences short, simple, and direct 2) use specific, concrete nouns, rather than pronouns 3)use hand signals, pictures, and facial expressions
38
the most effective technique for patients with dementia
memory aids
39
environmental adaptations that support communication
- memory/cognitive strategies - orientation strategies (location and time) - strategies to prevent wandering - hiding the door - hiding the code pad - support visuo-spatial processing - reduce depressive mood
40
what are environmental memory/cognitive strategies
- intentionally placing items (glasses next to alarm clock) - note board
41
what are environmental orientation strategies
location: visually distinct entrances signage, familiar objects time: clocks, calendars
42
what strategies prevent wandering
- make points with high visual appeal - make a safe wandering space - non-glass doors - safety alarms/locks - hide exits (codepad, door)
43
what strategies support visuo-spatial processing
- lighting - floor surfaces - visibile handrails - reducing window glare - removing clutter - contrasted colours
44
strategies to reduce depressive mood
* Increasing visual/tactile appeal * Including familiar objects * Reducing noise, offensive odours * Gentle light * Playing soft music
45
strategies to reduce agitation
* Window treatments * Reducing noise levels/distractors * Reducing # of people present * Personal space * Ambient music * Minimizing strong odours * Covering/removing mirrors * Non-institutional features
46
What are snoezelen rooms
a multi-sensory environment designed for relaxation and/or gentle stimulation to help individuals with sensory, cognitive, or physical disabilities
47
what strategies foster communication
- smaller tables - centrally placed items - furniture arrangements - room assignments (pairing residents with similar abilities)
48
feeding strategies
- Separate dining area - Non-institutional features - Seating at tables (PT) - Positioning closer to the table - Removing non-essential items from the table - Placing napkin in hand - Present one food item at a time - Using specialized utensils if necessary (OT) - Sufficient lighting - Raising height of seat
49
what was the result of placing patients around tables (instead of along walls) with centrally placed food
increased communication and an improvement in eating behaviour
38 D
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