#3

Question 1

Strepsirrhini

Answer 1

Lemurs, Lorises, Galagos (the smaller guys)

Question 2

Haplorhini

Answer 2

• Tarsiers (used to be strepsirrhini)
• NWM & OWM
• apes: lesser & greater apes

Question 3

what is taxonomy?

Answer 3

• the scientific naming of categories of organisms
• clusters of traits due to common ancestry
• used to distinguish broader categories (taxa, singular taxon)
• commonly used traits: Morphology, genetics, behaviour, pelage, vocalizations

Question 4

Taxonomy of Primate, Strepsirrhini, Haplorhini

Answer 4

Primate –> ORDER

Strepsirrhini –> SUBORDER

Haplorhini –> SUBORDER

Question 5

Under the ORDER primate, which SUBORDER is wet-nosed and/or dry-nosed?

Answer 5

Strepsirrhini - Wet-nosed

Haplorhini - Dry-nosed

Question 6

is the taxonomic order?

Answer 6

Order -> Suborder -> Infraorder -> Superfamily -> Family -> Subfamily -> Genus -> Species

Question 7

what is the suffix for superfamily?

Answer 7

-OIDEA

Question 8

What is the suffix for family?

Answer 8

-IDEA

Question 9

What is the suffix for subfamily?

Answer 9

-INAE

Question 10

How should genus and/or species be written?

Answer 10

• italics or underlined

- genus (first letter) capitalized

Question 11

What are the INFRAORDERS of the SUBORDER Strepsirrhini?

Answer 11

Lemuriforme

Lorisiforme

Question 12

What is the distribution of the SUBORDER strepsirrhine?

Answer 12

Africa & Asia (Old World)

• Lorises & Galagos
• Cheirogeleids, Lemurids, Lepilemurids, Indriids, Aye-Ayes

Question 13

What are the characteristics of the SUBORDER Strepsirrhine?

Answer 13

• nocturnal (large eyes)
• Tapetum
• Wet-nosed
• reliance on scent marking
• independent mobile ears
• immobile upper lip (inexpressive face)
• 2.1.3.3 dental formula + dental claw / tooth comb
• grooming claw and dental comb

Question 14

what is the main mode of locomotion for SUBORDER Strepsirrhine?

Answer 14

Vertical clinging and leaping

Question 15

Lemuriformes

Answer 15

• INFRAORDER of strepsirrhines (SUBORDER)
• only in Madagascar
• among smallest primate
• 5 families
• ancestors got to Madagascar by “rafting”
• diversified to fill niches
• survived due to competing monkeys

Question 16

What is the distribution of Lemuriformes?

Answer 16

Only in Madagascar

Question 17

Lemuridae

Answer 17

FAMILY of Lemuriformes

• ring-tailed brown, ruffed lemurs
• Arboreal and terrestrial
• Medium sized
• Diurnal
• lack tapetum lucidum
• large diversity in diet

Question 18

Indriidae

Answer 18

FAMILY of Lemuriformes

• woolly lemurs, sifakas, indiris
• Arboreal and terrestrial
• Medium to large sized primates
• dirunal & Nocturnal
• Folivorous

Question 19

What is Tapetum Lucidium

Answer 19

What gives an animal eye shine (looks like its glowing at night)

Question 20

What is Folivorous

Answer 20

leaf eating animal

Question 21

Daubentoniidae

Answer 21

FAMILY of Lemuriformes

• nocturnal
• Solitary
• Continually growing incisors (rodent-like)
• Omnivorous (Bony finger- specialized in extractive foraging)
• near threatened

Question 22

Lorisiformes

Answer 22

INFRAORDER of suborder strepsirrhines

• 2 families ( Lorisidae - Loris) (Galagidae - Galago)
• shared common ancestor with Lorisiformes –> in Eocene 55-33mya (competition on mainland africa)
• Solitary

Question 23

What is the diet of lorisiformes

Answer 23

-insects and fruits

Question 24

What is the distribution of lorisiformes

Answer 24

-Asia and Africa
-family lorisidae found in:
Asia –> Lorises
Africa –> Loris related species

-family galagidae (Galagos) –> bush babies (only found in africa)

Question 25

What other names are galagos referred to as?

Answer 25

Bush Babies

Question 26

What is arboreal?

Answer 26

Living in trees

Question 27

What type of locomotion do Lorisiformes use?

Answer 27

vertical clingers and leapers

Question 28

What taxonomic order is Tarsiiformes?

Answer 28

INFRAORDER of Haplorhini (SUBORDER)

Question 29

Tarsiiformes

Answer 29

- FAMILY --> Tarsiidae | - tarsiers communicate using ultrasound

Question 30

What is the distribution of Tarsiiformes?

Answer 30

only found in SE Asia

Question 31

What are characteristics of Tarsiiformes?

Answer 31

- large eyes and ears - lack tapetum lucidum (lack eye-shine) - different eye-brain (thalamus) connection - elongated tarsus bone in foot (running & jumping) - different dental formula

Question 32

What are characteristics of Haplorhini (SUBORDER)

Answer 32

- Tarsiers, Monkeys, Apes, and Humans - diurnal (Except tarsiers and owl monkey) - dry noses (less reliance on olfaction) - flatter faces - reduced sense of hearing (immobile ears) - mobile upper lip (highly expressive faces)

Question 33

what are the infraorders of Haplorhini?

Answer 33

Platyrrhini | Catarrhini

Question 34

What is Platyrrhini

Answer 34

- INFRAORDER of Haplorhini - New World Monkeys - more separated nostrils / more round

Question 35

What is Catarrhini?

Answer 35

- INFRAORDER of Haplorhini - Old World Monkeys - Apes - Humans - more centered nostrils / elongated nostrils

Question 36

Distributions and traits of NWM

Answer 36

- Mexico and central America - Arboreal - Smaller body size than OWM - have tails (Atelidae have prehensile tails) - families have partial prehensile tails

Question 37

What is the dental formula of NWM?

Answer 37

2.1.3.3 | 36 teeth

Question 38

what is polyandry?

Answer 38

-only one female in the group mates with multiple males | one female with multiple males

Question 39

What is cooperative polyandry?

Answer 39

more than one female in a group (females are closely related) but only one is reproductively active. Others in the group help raise offspring

Question 40

Callitrichidae

Answer 40

FAMILY of Platyrrhini (INFRAORDER) - marmosets and tamarins - smallest monkeys - monogamous and polyandrous (cooperative) groups - twins - male care of infants - little sexual dimorphism (not a lot of size difference between the males and females)

Question 41

Atelidae

Answer 41

FAMILY of Platyrrhini (INFRAORDER) - arboreal - diurnal - prehensile tail - tail functions as a fifth limb - polygamous - fission-fusion societies