4 Main Complexes of Primate Pattern
- Grasping hands + feet
- Visual System
- Large complex brains & Associated behaviour
- Skeletal and dental features
How much genetic material shared between chimps, bonobos and humans?
~98% shared
~1 difference
Possible shared traits between humans and great apes
- Language and Cognition
- self-awareness
- use of language (able to understand and use sign lang.) - Capacity to Transforms One’s Environment
- develop tools/methods - Transmission of Knowledge & Emergence of Cultural Traditions
- teaching others how to do stuff
Derived Traits
-obtaining a trait that the LCA didn’t have
Primitive/Generalized trait
- inherited by LCA (ancestral traits)
- does not mean less successful / evolved
Homoplasy
a trait found in 2 or more species that was evolved independently in each
2 Ways Homoplasy Arises
- PARALLEL EVOLUTION
- same common ancestor; develop trait b/c they face similar issues - CONVERGENT EVOLUTION
- distantly/not related; converge on similar solution to similar issues
True or False:
Homoplasies are used to establish phylogenetic relationships?
False.
HOMOLOGOUS TRAITS are used to establish phylogenetic relationships.
Proximate VS Ultimate
Proximate –> Underlying causes for a particular behaviour
Ultimate –> Functional approaches of why primates have been selected to behave as they do under particular conditions
Referential Model
using particular species to draw analogies with others
EXAMPLE: humans studying primates to get a better understanding of themselves
Referential Model
using particular species to draw analogies with others
EXAMPLE: humans studying primates to get a better understanding of themselves
Strategic Model
Emphasize evolutionary and ecological processes that affect behaviour
Strategic Model
Emphasize evolutionary and ecological processes that affect behaviour
Sexual Dimorphism
Morphological differences between males and females
