Adrenaline

Question 1

Where is adrenaline secreted from?

Answer 1

The adrenal glands

Question 2

When is adrenaline secreted?

Answer 2

When there is a low concentration of glucose in the blood- when exercising/stressed

Question 3

Where does adrenaline bind to?

Answer 3

Receptors in the cell membrane of liver cells

Question 4

What does adrenaline activate?

Answer 4

Glycogenolysis (glycogen -> glucose)
Glucagon secretion- increased glucose concentration

Question 5

What does adrenaline inhibit?

Answer 5

Glycogenesis (glucose -> glycogen)
Inhibits insulin secretion- increase glucose concentration

Question 6

What does adrenaline do to the body?

Answer 6

Gets the body ready for action by making more glucose available for muscles to respire

Question 7

How do adrenaline and glucagon act via a second messenger?

Answer 7

Activate glycogenolysis inside a cell even though they bind to receptors on the outside of the cell
The receptors for adrenaline and glucagon have specific tertiary structures that make them complementary in shape to their respective hormones
Adrenaline and glucagon bind to their receptors and activate an enzyme called adenylate cyclase
Activated adenylate cyclase converts ATP into a chemical signal called a “second messenger”
The second messenger = cyclic AMP (CAMP)
CAMP activates an enzyme called protein kinase- protein kinase catalyses the conversion of glycogen to glucose (glycogenolysis)