aggression

Question 1

describe aggression

Answer 1

• the act must actually happen (physcially or verbally)
• it must harm another person
• must be intentional
• outside the rules of the activity

Question 2

give a practical example of aggression

Answer 2

punch the official

Question 3

describe assertive behaviour

Answer 3

• no intent to cause harm (accidental)
• goal-directed
• within the rules of the game
• use legitimate force

Question 4

give a practical example of assertive behaviour

Answer 4

colliding with another player for a 50-50 ball

Question 5

identify the causes of aggression

Answer 5

• frustration causes aggression
• nature of the game
• provoked
• importance of game

Question 6

descirbe aggression cue hypothesis theory in relation to aggression and give some prcatical examples to support this theory

Answer 6

• when an individual is frustrated arousal increases creating a readiness for aggression
• agression occurs when socially desireable cues are present
• more likely to occur if learned cues are present

- e.g. weapons: ice hockey sicks/ gold clubs
- e.g. nature of the game: rugby/ boxing
- e.g. places: boxing ring
- e.g. people: playing rugby against a close rival
- e.g. nature of event: derby match
- e.g. witnessing violence: seeing team mate being punched
- e.g. percieved unfairness: incorrect referee decision

Question 7

what are the strengths of the aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 7

• conditioned response
• you get praise if aggressive
• learned response from previous experiences

Question 8

what are the weaknesses of the aggressive cue hypothesis

Answer 8

• same cue can trigger different responses for same person
• same cue can trigger different responses for different people
• have ability to control unnecessary aggression

Question 9

decsribe social learnign theory in relation to aggression (also the strengths)

Answer 9

• suggests aggressive behaviour is copied form others e.g. role models (vicarious experience)
• reinforcement of observed behaviour encourages behaviour to be copied
• more likely to copy behaviour of role models of high status or similar characteristics e.g. gender or age
• people copy aggression to feel accepted

Question 10

what are the problems with social learning theory relating to aggression

Answer 10

• this does not explain why some poeple watch aggressive acts but do not act aggressively
• sometimes cant help being aggressive
• strong sense of independece leads to behaviour being ignored

Question 11

describe instinct theory in relation to aggression

Answer 11

• suggests that aggression is innate
• built up energy has to be released giving a cathartic effect ( useing sport as a release valve by waiting for an acceptable time to be aggressive)

Question 12

what are the strenghts of the insticnt theory of aggression

Answer 12

• can be natural human instinct to be aggressive
• some people always aggressive
• aggression can be hard to control
• can feel catharsis

Question 13

what probelms are associated with instinct theory in relation to aggression

Answer 13

• too simple
• not all humans show aggressive behaviour
• aggression is often learned
• aggression depends on environmental situation

Question 14

decsribe the furstration aggression hypothesis in relation to aggression

Answer 14

• this theory believes that frustration always leads to aggression & aggression is always caused by frustration
• a player is frustrated with their own performnace as their goal is blocked e.g. by a bad tackle
• this leads to frustration and can lead to an aggressive act e.g. punching the opponent
• if the player is punished it leads back to frustration

Question 15

what are the strengths of the frustration- aggression hypothesis

Answer 15

• more realistic than instinct theory
• can see it happening in sport
• do get sense of catharsis when frustration is released as aggression
• there is a link between frustration and aggression

Question 16

what are the weaknesses of the frustration - aggression hypothesis

Answer 16

• not all frustration leads to aggression
• aggression can occur without frustration present
• doesnt take into account those born with aggressive traits
• not everyone becomes frustrated with blocked goal