personality

Question 1

describe the trait thory of personality inolving extrversion/ introversion

Answer 1

• extrovert: prsonality characteritic or trait of a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement but lacks concentration
• introvert: personailty characteristic or trait of a person who does not seek social situations and likes peace and quiet but is good at concentrating

Question 2

describe the retuclar activating system in relation to trait theory of introverts/ extroverts

Answer 2

• RAS can be determined whether a person is inclined towards extroversion or introversion
• **extroverts **are seen as having an RAS that inhibits the effects of sensory stimuli causing brain to experience low levels of arousal so they seek more external stimulation to **achieve higher levels of internal arousal **
• introverts have high levels of arousal naturally occuring in in their brains so tend to avoid external stimulation so tend to be shy and avoid social situations

Question 3

describe stable/ unstable personality trait according to trait theory

Answer 3

• stable: a personality characteristic of someone who is constant & predictable in thier emotional behaviour. **doesn’t experience high stress **
• unstable: a personality characteristic of someone who is highly anxious and unpredictable & unchangeable emotions

Question 4

describe trait theory for type A and type B personaitly types

Answer 4

• called narrow band approach
• Type A: characterised by impatience, intolerance & high levels of stress, strong desire to succeed
• ## **Type B: **has a relaxed, tolerant approach, with loer personal stress, lacking desire to succeed

Question 5

what does knowing about personal anxiety help performer do

Answer 5

may lead performer to seek help to deal ith state anxiety levels during a sporting situation

Question 6

define state anxiety

Answer 6

uneasy feeling felt in a particular sporting situation

Question 7

what 2 categories is state anxiety split into

Answer 7

• somatic state anxiety
• cognitive state anxiety

Question 8

define somatic state anxiety

Answer 8

the bodies physiological response e.g. muscle tension, increase in HR

Question 9

define cognitive state anxiety

Answer 9

psychological worry

Question 10

critically evaluate the use of trait theory

Answer 10

+ explains how behaviour can be predicted
+ evidence shows personality is influenced by genetics (innate) e.g. aggressive tendencies
HOWEVER
- it may be deemed not accurate as not likely to just be genetic input that determines our personality
- doesnt account for personality chnageing through different environments e.g. socialising/ upbringing
- identical twins brought up in different environments do not demonstrate the same personality therefore suggesting that its not just traits that determine personality

Question 11

describe social learning theory in relation to personality

Answer 11

• we learn to deal with situations by observing others
• personality changes according to situation & environment influences behaviour
• behaviour is more likely to be copied during a live event
• we obvserve and copy behaviour and personality of significant others e.g. parents, coaches, role models.

Question 12

critically evaluate social learning theory in relation to personality

Answer 12

+ explains why we often show the same personalities as our parents and how the media and others can influence our personalities

BUT

• can be viewed as too simplistic as not likely to be just the environment that determines behaviour
• twins brought up in the same way dont always display the same personality

Question 13

describe the interactionist approach to personality

Answer 13

• B = f(PE) behaviour is a combination os personality and environment B= behaviour, P = personality, E = environment
• if situational factors are strong such as highly competitive match then they will be more influential on behaviour than personality
• if sitautional factors are not strong like a recreational game then personality is more likely to control behaviour
• prsonality is the relationship between **traits and social learning theory **
• helps us understand how individuals are different
• players change thier behaviour depending on situation

Question 14

describe the effects of trait theory on performance

Answer 14

• sports performers may be affected positively e.g. if you want to play in team or participate in a group exercise activity due to extrovert personality
  -or negatively by your innate personailty characteristic e.g. you are neurotic so will not go out jogging in public

Question 15

describe the effects of social learning theory on performance

Answer 15

• if significant then has a positive effect on others showing functional behaviour
• can be negative if they show dysfunctional behaviour

Question 16

describe the effects on interactionist theory on performance

Answer 16

• deoends in how the performer percieves the situation e.g. an overweight person may not join a fitness club as they percieve the gym environment as threatening

Question 17

critically evaluate interactionist theory

Answer 17

+ it takes into account the effect of both traits and the environment
+ explains why behaviour is often unpredictable or why individuals might act differently in different situations ( e.g. takes control on football pitch but is quiet in english lessons)
+ explains why people in the same environment behave differently

HOWEVER,

• does not explain why our personalities may be different when faced wuth a situation experienced before e.g. a player was agressive in a competitive situations last week byt is not aggressive this week