memory

Question 1

identify the Atkinson & Shiffrin’s Multi-store Memory Model

Answer 1

short term sensory store —> short term memory <—-> long term memory

Question 2

describe the short term sensory store of the Atkinson & Shiffren’s Multi-store memory model

Answer 2

• duration = up to 1 second
• capacity = unlimited
• senses detect stimuli/ information
• selective attention takes place
• only relevant information is passed into the short term memory

Question 3

define selective attention

Answer 3

ignoring the irrelevant information and only concentrate on the relevant information

Question 4

why is selective attention used

Answer 4

to speed up decision making in a game

Question 5

describe the short term memory or the Atkinson & Shiffren’s Multi-store memory model

Answer 5

• duration = up to 30seconds
• capacity = 5-9 items
• retrieves information from the long term memory
• relevant infromation passed (encoded) to the long term memory
• information is chunked

Question 6

describe the long term memory of the Atkinson & Shiffren’s Multi-store memory model

Answer 6

• duration = unlimited
• capacity = unlimited
• imformation stored in the long term memory
• information can be decoded back to the short term memory

Question 7

describe the methods of improving the long term memory

Answer 7

• chunking
• rehearsal
• meaningful
• associations/ linking

Question 8

describe the positives of the Atkinson & Shiffren’s Multi-store memory model

Answer 8

• simple to understand
• explains how an individual can deal with large amounts of information
• the long term memory element explains how an individual can perform a skill that they havent done for a long time e.g. riding a bike
• explains how information that isnt rehearsed gets forgotten

Question 9

describe the negatives of the Atkinson & Shiffren’s Multi-store memory model

Answer 9

• model is too simple and hasnt been proven
• does not prove the distinction between STM and LTM
• does not quantify how much repetition results in LTM storage
• doesnt account for individual differences in capacity and duration

Question 10

identify the sturcture of Craik & Lockhart’s level of processing memory mdoel

Answer 10

Question 11

describe the 3 levels of processing of the Craik & Lockhart’s level of processing memory model

Answer 11

1. structural: looks like (watch demonstration) shallow processing
2. phonetic: sounds like (listen to coaching points) shallow processing
3. semantic: meaning and understanding - deep processing

Question 12

describe the factors which affect memory according to the Craik & Lockhart’s level of processing memory model

Answer 12

• how much consideration is given to the information
• whether infromation is understood
• whether infromation has meaning
• the deeper infromation is processed the more likely you will remember it (stored in LTM)

Question 13

describe the positives of the Craik & Lockhart’s level of processing memory model

Answer 13

• explains that if we understand some information we are more likely to remember it
• explains that the longer we consider and analyse infromation we will remember it

Question 14

describe the negatives of the Craik & Lockhart’s level of processing memory model

Answer 14

• taking longer to process information does not always led to better recall
• difficulty in defining what ‘deep’ processing actually involves
• does not take into account individual differences e.g. why do those who show more determination sometimes forget basic skills

Question 15

state the 6 ways in which memory storage can be improved

Answer 15

• rehearsal
• chunking of information or organisation
• use of mental rehearsal
• meaningful/ relevant information
• making information more enjoyable
• association/ linking

Question 16

describe rehearsal as a method of improving memory storage and give an example

Answer 16

• forming motor programmes using drills
• e.g. grooving a serve in tennis by serving repetitively

Question 17

describe chunking or information as a method of improving memory storage and give an example

Answer 17

• can extend capacity of STM
• minimise number or complexity of stimuli
• makes it easier for info to be retained
• info stored in smalled amounts

e.g. remembering subroutines by using numbers or stories

Question 18

describe mental rehearsal as a method of improving memory storage and give an example

Answer 18

• thinking through routines or patterns of movement
• develop mental strategies such as imagery/ meditation/ hypnosis

e.g. mentally focusing in on the pattern of the gym routine before performance

Question 19

describe making information more interesting as a method of improving memory storage and give an example

Answer 19

• creating drills/ experiences that performer finds exciting
• identify the stimulus

e.g. coach develops skills in an exciting game competition in basketball

Question 20

describe meaningful information as a method of improving memory storage and give an example

Answer 20

• understanding the usefullness of info
• being coached about how important remembering info is

e.g. a coach encourages the performer to understand the importance of remembering a short corner drill in hockey