feedback

Question 1

describe positive feedback

Answer 1

information about successful outcome

Question 2

what are the uses of positive feedback

Answer 2

• use for beginners
• used to reinforce a correct action
• for motivation and confidence
• strenthens s-r bond

Question 3

what are the advantages of positive feedback

Answer 3

• should clearly indicate the parts of the skill that need improvement to be successful
• strengthens s-r bonds
• helps motivate &increase confidence or cognitive and associative learners

Question 4

what are the disadvantages of positive feedback

Answer 4

• if given too often can lose value
• if given to unsuccessful response then can strengthen unsuccessful S-R bonds
• can cause drive reduction
• ineffective if unspecific

Question 5

describe negative feedback

Answer 5

information about an unsuccessful outcome

Question 6

what is negative feedback used for

Answer 6

• experts
• to inform performer they need to correct an action
• prevent bad habits

Question 7

what are the advantages of negative feedback

Answer 7

• clearly indicates parts of skill that were incorrect
• beneficial to expert performers when linked with KOP to improve their skills
• can finely tune well learned skills
• motivating for experts

Question 8

what are the disadvantages of negative feedback

Answer 8

• can demotivate cognitive learners
• if not linked with incorrect action then performer will not know where to improve
• can reduce confidence

Question 9

describe intrinsic feedback

Answer 9

kinaethetic feel of the movement from proprioreceptors

Question 10

when is intrinsic feedback used

Answer 10

• experts
• could enable action to be chnaged whilst being performed

Question 11

what are the advantages for intrinsic feedback

Answer 11

• performer doesnt have to rely on anyone to gain feedback
• movements can be altered during performance so it helps improve there and then
• quicker way of improving performance
• makes performace fkuent and well timed

Question 12

what are the disadvantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 12

1. cognitive phase will not be able to use this because may be interpreted incorrectly and therefor negatively affect performance
2. must be linked with external feedback at associative phase as they are learning wha successful responses feel like
3. learning to use intrinsic feedback coreectly can take a long time

Question 13

describe extrinsic feedback

Answer 13

feedback comes from external sources/ environement

Question 14

what are the uses of extrinsic feedback

Answer 14

• beginners for motivation and confidence
• to link with intrinsic feedback for intermediates

Question 15

what are the uses of extrinsic feedback

Answer 15

• beginners for motivation and confidence
• to link with intrinsic feedback for intermediates

Question 15

what are the uses of extrinsic feedback

Answer 15

• beginners for motivation and confidence
• to link with intrinsic feedback for intermediates

Question 16

what are the advantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 16

1. coach can see what is happening and give feedback/ feedback may be more objective coming from an extrinsic source and performance will improve
2. feedback from others (with more knowledge) likely to be more reliable/ accurate, therefore improving performace
3. helps skill learning at the cognitive stage as you are unaware of the desired response of the skill
4. helps motivation when linked with positive feedbacks
5. coach has time to think before giving the feedback

Question 17

what are the disadvantages of extrinsic feedback

Answer 17

1. the learner can become too dependent
2. less effective in developing the kinaesthetic feel
3. can overload the performer if continuously given
4. feedback can reduce reduce performers motivation and performance can deteriorate

Question 18

describe knowledge of results

Answer 18

information about outcome of the movement and is extrinsic

Question 19

what are the uses of knowledge of results

Answer 19

• is given verbally by teachers or coaches, or could be the performer actually seeing the result of their action
• beginners
• experts

Question 20

what are the advantages of knowledge of results

Answer 20

1. increases confidence and focus
2. is essential for skill learning especially in cognitive phase
3. must be linked to KOP to develop skill learning and to motivate autonomous performers
4. if used correctly alongside positive feedback it strengthens s-r bonds
5. good for open skills as the measure of success is the outcome
6. can be motivational
7. measureable/ objective

Question 21

what are the disadvantages of knowledge of results

Answer 21

1. just focuses on outcomes and not technique so in early stages can strengthen the wrong S-R bond
2. if not linkd with KOP then performer will not know why they have been unsuccessful and how to improve
3. can only be used once the movement has been completed
4. not as effective in some closed or aesthetic skills where the success measure is technique

Question 22

describe knowledge of performance

Answer 22

information avout technique e.g. quality of movement

Question 23

what are the uses of knowledge of performance

Answer 23

• can be internal through the kinaesthetic feel of the movement or external from a coach
• experts

Question 24

what are the adavntages of knowledge of performance

Answer 24

1. is essential for skill learning especially at the autonomous phase 2. can motivate the performer and prevent drive reduction - always showing areas to improve 3. when linked with concurrent feedback can correct errors quickly 4. effective in some closed/ aesthetic skills where technique is important e.g. allows refinements to gym vault

Question 25

what are the disadvantages of knowledge of performance

Answer 25

1. must be gradually to cognitive learners or can confuse and demotivate them 2. can take a long time to develop the experince needed needed for kinaethitic feel which would demotivate some