AHAH

Question 1

In anaerobic respiration, which molecule is regenerated to allow glycolysis to continue?

Answer 1

NAD+

Question 2

sumarised aerobic respiration

Answer 2

glycolysuis: breakes down glucoes to 2 pyruvate
link: form 2 Acetyl CoA
krebs: makes NADH and FADH and atp
Electron transport chair: uses electrons to make proton gradient and creates atp through chemiostasis (28-34)

Question 3

how does annaerobic respiration continue

Answer 3

Converstion of pyruvate to lactate to regenerate NAD and continue glycolysis in annaerobic, it is then broken down in the liver

Question 4

During peptide bond formation, which two atoms are directly linked by the bon

Answer 4

Nitrogen of amino group and carbon of carboxyl group

Question 5

what can protease, lipase and amylase break down

Answer 5

Protease → proteins → amino acids.

Amylase → starch → maltose → glucose

lipase→ lipids→ fatty acids and glycerol

Question 6

Pineal gland vs pituatary gland

Answer 6

The pineal gland deep in the middle of the brain above the thalamus, producing melatonin for sleep.

The pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” sits at the base of the brain, underneath the hypothalamus, connected by a stalk, and controls other endocrine glands.

Question 7

membrane bound organelle

Answer 7

nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and chloroplasts

Question 8

hormones are derived from

Answer 8

cholesterol so can pass through cell membranes

Question 9

bioaccumulation vs biomagnification

Answer 9

Bioaccumulation is the buildup of a substance within a single organism over time,

biomagnification is the increasing concentration of that substance as it moves up successive trophic

Question 10

nondisjunction

Answer 10

an error in meiosis, can lead to downsyndrome

fail to separate in meiosis II

Question 11

Recombinant phenotypes

Answer 11

physical traits in offspring that are not seen in parents

result of crossing over (new alleles)

Question 12

p site of ribosome is where

Answer 12

the trna binds to stay there

Question 13

(SHORT) what is transcription and what is translation

Answer 13

transcription is process where dna sequence gets copied into complelemtary rna sequence by rna polymerase

Question 14

the hypothalamus controls….

Answer 14

the anteiror and posterior pituatary glands

Question 15

diff between anterior and posteiror pituatary gland

Answer 15

anterior= trigger release factors which make endocrine glands to release inluding LH and FSH

posteiror releases hormones made by hypothalamus

Question 16

cell cycle

Answer 16

Interphase
G1: growth
S synthesis, dna replicated
G2: cell finises growing

M phase
mitosis (pmat) (nuclear division)
cytokinesis (cytoplasmic division, cell acc split to 2)

Question 17

Key Distinctions of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 17

Nucleus: Present in eukaryotes, absent in prokaryotes.
Organelles: Eukaryotes have many membrane-bound organelles; prokaryotes only have ribosomes.
DNA: Linear chromosomes in nucleus (eukaryotes) vs. circular DNA in nucleoid (prokaryotes).
Size/Complexity: Eukaryotes are generally larger and more complex.