APUSH U2 Study Guide

Question 1

What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange?

Answer 1

Plants + Animals went both ways across the Atlantic. TOBACCO IS HUGE. Europe got corn + potatoes which diversifies their diet and leads to an increase in lifespan. Natives got horses and pigs, but mainly deadly diseases. It started Global trade and the growth of slavery.

Question 2

How did geography and climate contribute to the differences between the New England and Southern English colonies?

Answer 2

New England → rock soil, cold, → small farms, shipbuilding, fishing, trade.

South → warm, rich soil → big cash crop plantations of tobacco + rice.

Question 3

In what way did religion play a role in the development of New England as opposed to the Southern region?

Answer 3

New England → tight strict puritan community, laws were tied to faith and enforced brutally.

Southern → Church of England, not as strict. Focused more on getting rich.

Question 4

In what ways were the northern and southern colonies alike? Different?

Answer 4

North - Towns, Mixed Economy , Family Farms

South - Plantations, Slavery Heavy

Both - English Roots, Elected Assemblies, Huge trade with Britain

Question 5

Why was John Smith’s arrival to Jamestown, VA so pivotal to the survival of the colony? What was Britain’s plan if the colony didn’t thrive? How is that significant?

Answer 5

The colony was starving and in panic. When John Smith arrived he FORCED people to work. His line was “Don’t work, Don’t Eat”. This got the people to work hard in order to survive. He also helped build ties with the Powhatan. If the colony didn’t thrive then Britain would’ve abandoned it, which means NO USA.

Question 6

Explain the importance and significance of the Mayflower Compact.

Answer 6

The mayflower compact was the first document of its kind to create a civil government and create laws for the good of the colony. It is important because it became an inspiration for American democracy and self government. It represents an early commitment of rule by majority and the social contract (consent of governed)

Question 6

How did John Rolfe’s marriage to Pocahantas benefit the Jamestown colony? What were the significant results?

Answer 6

Rolfe’s marriage creates peace with the Powhatan tribe for a decent while. This lets Rolfe grow tobacco for a huge profit. This makes Jamestown survive and thrive.

Question 7

What is the historical significance behind Bacon’s Rebellion?

Answer 7

It decreased indentured servitude and increased slavery. Also the first act of defiance against the king.

Question 8

Breaking down the 13 Colonies - which were made for religious purposes?

Answer 8

Religious Purpose → Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania,

Question 9

Breaking down the 13 Colonies - Which were made for trade?

Answer 9

Trade → New York, New Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

Question 10

Breaking down the 13 Colonies -Which colonies are in which region?

Answer 10

New England → Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New Hampshire
Middle (Bread Basket) → New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania,Delaware.
Southern → Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia

Question 11

Which were called the Chesapeake colonies?

Answer 11

Virginia + Maryland

Question 12

Why did so many immigrants end up living in New England and Middle Colonies and not the Southern colonies?

Answer 12

A lot of immigrants ended up living in New England and the Middle Colonies because it had a better climate. ALOT BETTER JOB OPPORTUNITIES. Some more religious freedoms.Plus the south was just hot and Freed workers didn’t have many opportunities.

Question 13

Why did planters in Virginia begin to turn to African slavery and away from indentures as a source of labor in the mid 1600s?

Answer 13

Bacon’s Rebellion caused the king to limit Indentured Servitude so people had to increase slavery and also slavery was just a lot more profitable for them.

Question 13

What is the Social Hierarchy of the South during the Colonial era?

Answer 13

Planters, Small Farmers,Poor Farmers, Slaves
Highest Status ————————> Lowest Status

Question 14

What role did indentured servants play before mainstream slavery began in the colonies?

Answer 14

They fulfilled the Labor role in colonial society and populated the colonies.

Question 15

How did Triangular Trade impact the Southern colonies more than New England or the Middle?

Answer 15

The south shipped tobacco,rice, indigo, cotton to europe and in return got slaves, this was HUGE for them compared to they relied on slave labor for their plantations which produced large amounts of cash crops. New england and the middle colonies did not rely on cash crops as much so the addition of slavery to them was alot more mild then the south.

Question 16

What were the four largest cities in the colonies by 1700? How and why did they become the four largest cities?

Answer 16

Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Charleston - THEY WERE ALL PORT CITIES

Question 17

What role did education play in the three regions of the colonies?

Answer 17

New England → Huge part of life due to religion.

Middle → Some church schools. Mixed. Not as important as in New England

Southern Colonies → Only the rich got tutors. Poor kids got nothing.

Question 18

Explain the approach between Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield during the Great Awakening.

Answer 18

John Edwards → Scare people, make them fear. No sins. “ sinners in the hands of an angry God”

George Whitefield → Calm. Good deeds make you get into heaven.

Question 19

What role did women have as part of colonial society?

Answer 19

Women played the role of running homes, raising kids, helping on farms or famous businesses. They couldn’t vote or hold powerful positions.

Question 20

How did the philosophies of John Locke impact the colonies? (explain Natural Rights and the Social Contract - Colonial Life notes)

Answer 20

Natural Rights: All people have right to life liberty, property

Social Contract: Government only rules with consent of the governed

Colonists used these ideals to justify the overthrowment of the British Government/helped fuel Anti-British Ideals

Question 21

Describe Triangular Trade? Who was involved? What was being traded? What impact did it have on different continents?

Answer 21

It involved Europe,Africa, and the Americas

Europe → Africa: Guns, Rum, Manufactured Goods

Africa → Americas: Enslaved Africans

Americas → Europe: Sugar, Tobacco, Rice, Indigo, Raw Materials

Europe got rich while Africa destabilized and lost millions of people. Americans built plantation economies and slavery deepened.

Question 22

What regional dispute ultimately led to the French and Indian War?

Answer 22

The regional dispute was over the Ohio River Valley.

Question 23

What was the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union?Who called it together?

Answer 23

Ben Franklin called the meeting. The purpose was for the 13 colonies to form a union in order to fight the French and Indian war in a more organized manner and mutual defense. This plan failed.

Question 24

What were the general terms of the Paris Treaty of 1763?

Answer 24

Ended the French + Indian War, Britain got all French land east of Mississippi and Canada. Spain got French land west of Mississippi and New Orleans. France lost basically all North American Territory

Question 24

Why did the Albany Plan of Union fail? Why is it important?

Answer 24

The Albany plan failed because both the colonies (didnt want to lose their autonomy) and the British government (feared a unified colonial gov) rejected it. It is important because it did serve as a precedent for colonial unity.

Question 25

What significant time period ended as a result of the French and Indian War?

Answer 25

It ended salutary neglect in the Americas

Question 26

Why do some consider the Proclamation of 1763 the “starter” of the idea of independence for the colonies?

Answer 26

Some consider it as the start of the American revolution due to the colonists feeling that Britain was blocking their growth and ignoring their rights, which planted the seeds of revolution. The proclamation of 1763 drew a line along the Appalachian mountains; colonists couldn't settle west of the line.

Question 27

What took place in March of 1770 that some consider the start of the American Revolution?

Answer 27

The Boston Massacre took place → British Soldiers fired on a mob and killed 5 colonists. It became big anti-british propaganda, an early spark of rebellion.

Question 28

Who was the main benefactor of British Mercantilism? Why did the colonists NOT like it?

Answer 28

The main benefactor of British Mercantilism was Britain as they got Raw Materials Cheap, Sold Finished goods back. The colonists disliked it because it limited trade, kept them dependent and they couldn’t sell freely.

Question 29

Describe the tactics used by colonials to oppose taxation. Which were most effective? Why?

Answer 29

-Boycotts of British goods (Most effected as it hurt the British Economy) -Petitions, Protests, Pamphlets -Mobs/Violence such as tarring and feathering tax collectors -Secret Resistance groups like Sons of Liberty

Question 30

What did the Gaspee Incident lead to?

Answer 30

The Gaspee incident was in 1772 colonists burned a British Customs ship chasing smugglers. It led to the committees of Correspondence to lead to more coordinated Resistance Efforts.

Question 31

Evaluate American preparedness for war. What were their greatest strengths? What were their greatest weaknesses?

Answer 31

Strengths → Fighting on their homeland. Huge Motivation. Good leaders like George Washington. Eventually got help from France and Spain. Weaknesses → Poorly trained army, little money, short supplies, weak government

Question 32

What did the Tea Act lead to?

Answer 32

The Tea act gave the British East India Company a Monopoly on tea, this lowered the prices but put the colonists out of business, enraging them and leading to the Boston tea party.

Question 33

What did the passage of the Coercive acts lead to?

Answer 33

The First Continental Congress

Question 33

What did the Boston Party lead to?

Answer 33

Coercive/Intolerable Acts → Punishment acts from the king to the Colonists

Question 34

What did Lexington and Concord lead to?

Answer 34

April 1775 → Shot Heard round the world. First battle led to the start of the American Revolution.

Question 35

What did the First Continental Congress meeting lead the British to do?

Answer 35

The first continental congress led to the colonists boycotting British goods as a demand for repeal of acts. This led the British to send in more troops and refuse to back down.

Question 36

What did the Second Continental Congress lead to?

Answer 36

Sent Olive Branch Petition, Later the declaration of independence. Managed the War.

Question 37

Describe the purposes of the 1st Continental Congress and the 2nd Continental Congress.

Answer 37

1st → Response to the Intolerable/Coercive Acts 2nd → Run the war, Draft Olive Branch Petition and later the Declaration of Independence

Question 38

Compare strengths and weaknesses of the British and Colonists during the American Revolution.

Answer 38

British Strengths → Big trained army + navy, Lots of money British Weaknesses → Far from home, Long supply lines, Unpopular, no motivation. Colonist Strengths → Home advantage, Fighting for Purpose, Foreign Help Colonist Weaknesses → Small army, Low Supplied, No gov

Question 39

Significance of the Battle of Bunker Hill? Saratoga? Yorktown?

Answer 39

Saratoga(1777) → Turning point of the Revolution, convinced France to join the war Bunker Hill(1775) →showed that the American forces could stand and fight with the British Yorktown(1781) →Final Decisive Battle, Ended Military Operations in the war

Question 40

What were the agreements of the Treaty of Paris in 1783?

Answer 40

Ended Revolutionary War Britain Recognized American Independence U.S. got land east of Mississippi river

Question 41

What is Republicanism and what two ideals is it based upon?

Answer 41

Republicanism is a government system where the people elect representative to represent them and it is based upon the ideas of Liberty and Freedom

Question 42

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 42

Strengths → Won the war, signed Treaty of Paris 1783, passed Land & Northwest Ordinances. Gave states more power. Weaknesses → No power to tax, Only had a legislative branch, weak central gov. Required 9/13 states to pass laws. Couldn’t regulate trade.

Question 43

Describe the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. Why is the NW Ordinance of 1787 historically significant?

Answer 43

Land Ordinance of 1735 → Established a standardized grid system to survey and sell western lands to raise money. NW Ordinance of 1787 → Created a process for new territories to become states, Banned Slavery in the NW Significance → first was to add new states/set a precedent for westward expansion.

Question 44

Why is Shays' Rebellion significant?

Answer 44

It showed the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation which lead to the U.S. Needing to write the constitution.