Unit 4 IDS Flashcards

Question

Battle of Antietam

Answer 1

When: September 1862 Who: Union General George McClellan vs. Confederate General Robert E. Lee What: Bloodiest single day in American history; Union stopped Lee’s invasion of the North. Impact: Gave Lincoln the political strength to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Answer 2

When: January 1, 1863 Who: Abraham Lincoln What: Declared enslaved people in Confederate-held areas free, shifting the war’s purpose toward ending slavery. Impact: Prevented European nations from supporting the Confederacy and encouraged the enlistment of Black soldiers.

Answer 3

When: July 1863 Who: Union General George Meade vs. Robert E. Lee What: Three-day battle where Lee’s invasion failed after Pickett’s Charge collapsed. Impact: Turning point of the war; Confederates never invaded the North again.

Answer 4

When: November 1863 Who: Abraham Lincoln What: Short speech redefining the war as a fight for equality, democracy, and national unity. Impact: Became one of the most important statements of American ideals.

Answer 5

When: 1864 Who: Union General William Tecumseh Sherman What: Campaign from Atlanta to Savannah destroying Southern infrastructure and supplies to break Confederate morale. Impact: Devastated the South’s war capacity and accelerated the end of the war.

Answer 6

When: April 14, 1865 Who: John Wilkes Booth, Confederate sympathizer What: Booth shot Lincoln at Ford’s Theater, killing him the next day. Impact: Threw Reconstruction into turmoil and allowed Andrew Johnson to lead with a much weaker plan.

Answer 7

When: April 9, 1865 Who: Confederate General Robert E. Lee and Union General Ulysses S. Grant What: Lee surrendered the Army of Northern Virginia. Impact: Effectively ended the Civil War, leading to reunification and Reconstruction.

Answer 8

When: 1865 Who: James Ashley, Abraham Lincoln; Congress What: Abolished slavery in the United States. Impact: Legally ended slavery but left questions about rights and labor unresolved.

Answer 9

When: 1868 Who: John A Bingham; Congress What: Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all people born in the U.S. Impact: Became a foundation for future civil rights cases and expansions of equality.

Answer 10

When: 1870 Who: Ulysses S. Grant What: Gave African American men the right to vote. Impact: Increased Black political participation but sparked new voter suppression tactics in the South.

Answer 11

When: 1860s Who: Thaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, and Congressional Republicans What: Wanted harsh Reconstruction, protection of Black rights, and limits on ex-Confederates. Impact: Passed major Reconstruction laws and fought Andrew Johnson’s lenient policies.

Answer 12

When: 1865–1866 Who: Southern state governments What: Laws designed to restrict African Americans’ freedom and force them into cheap labor contracts. Impact: Outraged the North and helped push for Radical Reconstruction.

Answer 13

When: 1866 Who: Radical Republicans; passed over Andrew Johnson’s veto What: Granted citizenship and equal rights to African Americans. Impact: First major federal law protecting civil rights; basis for the 14th Amendment.

Answer 14

When: 1867 Who: Radical Republicans in Congress What: Divided the South into military districts and required new state constitutions including Black voting rights. Impact: Strengthened federal control and expanded African American political involvement.

Answer 15

When: 1860s–1870s Who: Southern whites supporting Reconstruction and the Republican Party What: Often small farmers or business leaders who wanted economic modernization. Impact: Viewed as traitors by other Southern whites; helped shape Reconstruction governments.

Answer 16

When: 1860s–1870s Who: Northerners who moved South after the Civil War What: Some were reformers; others sought economic opportunities. Impact: Played major roles in Reconstruction politics, often resented by Southerners.

Answer 17

When: 1867 Who: Passed by Congress against President Andrew Johnson What: Required Senate approval to remove cabinet officials. Impact: Johnson violated it, leading to his impeachment trial.

Answer 18

When: 1865 Who: Radical republicans; led by General Oliver O. Howard. What: Helped formerly enslaved people transition to freedom by providing schools, food, and labor support. Impact: Built thousands of schools but was underfunded and resisted by Southerners.

Answer 19

When: Post–Civil War Who: Poor whites and freed African Americans What: Farmers rented land and paid landlords with crops or cash. Impact: Gave more independence than sharecropping but still kept workers in poverty.

Answer 20

When: 1860s–1900s Who: Mostly formerly enslaved African Americans What: Farmed land in exchange for a share of the crops, often falling into debt. Impact: Created a system similar to slavery, trapping people in economic dependence.

Answer 21

When: 1877 Who: Rutherford B. Hayes What: Resolved the disputed 1876 election by making Rutherford B. Hayes president in exchange for ending Reconstruction. Impact: Federal troops withdrew from the South, leading to loss of Black rights.

Answer 22

When: 1870s–1960s Who: Southern state governments What: Segregation laws enforcing racial separation in public spaces. Impact: Created a long era of discrimination and inequality.

Answer 23

When: Late 1800s–1900s Who: Southern white Democratic voters and politicians What: Region consistently voted for Democrats, opposing Reconstruction and civil rights. Impact: Shaped U.S. politics for nearly a century, maintaining segregationist policies.

Unit 4 IDS Flashcards

(47 cards)