APUSH > Unit 5 Study Guide > Flashcards

Unit 5 Study Guide Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Advantages of Big Business?

A

Greater Efficiency, economies of scale (savings in cost), manager system (Delegation of power), productivity studies (Frederick Taylor suggested the assembly line)

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2
Q

Disadvantages of Big Business?

A

unfair competition practices, corruption and bribery, destroyed labor union movements

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3
Q

Tactics used by labor unions?

A

Strikes, Collective Bargaining, Arbitration(federal judge)

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4
Q

Injunction Definition

A

Court orders that required workers to stop striking or engaging in certain labor activities. (greatly weakened powers)

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5
Q

Strikes Definition

A

Organized work stoppages to demand better wages, hours, conditions.

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6
Q

Boycotts Definition

A

Organized refusal to buy products from a certain company.

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7
Q

Lockouts Definition

A

Employers closed workplaces to prevent employees from working during labor disputes

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8
Q

Blacklists Definition

A

Lists of workers who were considered troublemakers and denied employment

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9
Q

Collective Bargaining Definition

A

negotiation between workers and employers over wages, hours and working conditions.

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10
Q

Trust Definition

A

Business arrangement where multiple companies were managed under a single board to reduce competition (Led to monopolies)

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11
Q

Holding Company Definition

A

A company that owned enough stock in other companies to control them

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12
Q

Merger Definition

A

the combining of two or more companies into 1 larger one

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13
Q

Importance of Andrew Carnegie

A

Carnegie→ Steel “Gospel of Wealth” (Duty to take care of less fortunate)

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14
Q

Importance of John D. Rockefeller

A

Rockefeller→ Oil

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15
Q

Importance of JP Morgan

A

JP Morgan → Investments + Banking Eventually buys out Carnegie, forms General Electric.

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16
Q

Importance of Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and JP Morgan

A

Look great to the public because of philanthropy but below the surface are all corrupt and abuse their workers.

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17
Q

Explain business techniques of Vertical Integration

A

Vertical →controlling business related to primary. all means of Production.

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18
Q

Explain business techniques of Horizontal Integration

A

(U.S. Oil) Bought Independent Oil Refineries to send it to the company. Controlling the Same type of business becoming a monopoly.

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19
Q

Important inventions and inventors that revolutionized business in America

A

Telephone - Alexander Graham Bell
Light bulb - Thomas Edison
Electric Power - Nikola Tesla (AC POWER)
Bessemer Process - quick easy way of making steel
typewriter - Christopher Sholes
photography
phonograph (record player)
radio - Nikola Tesla
retail stores - sears
canned foods

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20
Q

Haymarket Square Strike

A

Chicago strike of 1886 (strike over police brutality) bomb thrown at protest. Several people were killed (7 police, 3 workers). Union activity was blamed for the violence, several union leaders were convicted and executed, leading to a decrease in labor unions.

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21
Q

Great RR strike of 1887

A

Baltimore and Ohio RR workers protest wages, strikes spread to others. Violente protests. Federal troops sent to restore order.

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22
Q

Pullman Coach Strike (1894)

A

United RR Workers, government steps in, Debs is jailed. Debs leaves prison as a socialist.

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23
Q

Homestead Strike

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A

violent strikes between workers and owners, damaged Carnegie (working conditions)

24
Q

Ludlow Strike

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A

violent strike in a mine owned by Rockefeller

25
Success/Failures of Big Business
Success → They offer a lot of jobs, productions, cheaper Failure → exploits workers, unfair competition, greed and corruption.
26
Explain Knights of Labor Union
Terrance Powderly → Knights of Labor -accepted ANY kind of worker, which led to the eventual failure. Unskilled workers lacked leverage with employers.
27
Explain Samuel Gompers
American Federation of Labor only allowed skilled labor to join. Made strikes a legitimate weapon for unions.
28
Explain Eugene V. Debs
United RR workers union → Pullman Coach Strike 1894, gets jailed and runs as a socialist for pres.
29
Explain why Mark Twain called the mid to late 1800s the Gilded Age
Everything looks great, cities are building, but everything underneath is corruption and greed. No middle class.
30
Explain how a political machine worked.
Run by a powerful “Boss” who has influence with or over city officials. → Machines hand out jobs, contracts, and favors to city residents.(targeted mainly immigrants) → Residents vote for candidates supported by political machines, → machines maintain power over city governments → political machines work to control city politics.
31
Explain importance of Thomas Nast and be able to analyze one of his political cartoons
Thomas Nast is a cartoonist who exposes the corruption of political machines targeted Boss Tweed
32
What was the purpose of the Pendleton (Civil Service) Act?
Rid of and expose greed and corruption by making Gov Jobs based on Merit System and not the Spoils System.
33
What are ‘dime novels’ and explain at least one example of why they were used.
Dime Novels told western tales, and they exaggerated stories about outlaws.
34
What law passed by Congress in July 1862, awarding proceeds from the sale of public lands to states for the establishment of agricultural colleges?
Morrill land Grants → law that awards proceeds from the sale of public lands to states for the establishment of agricultural colleges.
35
Explain the Frontier Thesis by Fredrick Jackson Turner
experience of expansion into the frontier had stimulated individualism, nationalism and democracy, and kept the opportunity of advancement alive. (the frontier is closed)(fulfilled manifest destiny) (What do we do next)
36
List the five ways in which the U.S. became the worlds #1 supplier of goods.
1-Unlimited Labor Force 2-Abundent Coal Supply 3- Iron Mining 4- Discovery of Oil in the US 5- Railroad Developement
37
What were the results of the Wabash vs Illinois Supreme Court Case?
The results were that it limited the states right to control interstate trade. Led to the interstate commerce act which allowed the federal government to regulate business.
38
Who gave the railroads the nickname “Iron Horse” and why?
George Pullman because the American Public needs to ride trains (Pullman cars) instead of horses. Created all the classes of Cars.
39
What is significant in regards to Promontory Point, Utah in 1869?
Where the East meets the West and the Transcontinental Railroad is COMPLETE.
40
What was the purpose of the Homestead Act?
Congress offered 160 acres of free land to any citizen to them, as long as they farm that land. They needed to solve the food problem.
41
Who was the main leader of the Sioux Native Americans in the late 1870s? What did he encourage Native Americans to do?
They made sure people did not assimilate, don’t fight, do ghost dance movement. Chief Joseph was the main leader.
42
Who made up the group Exodusters in 1879? Where did they go and why?
name given to African Americans who migrated from states along the Mississippi River to Kansas in the late nineteenth century)START GOING NORTH BC FARMING NOT WORKING
43
What was the intention of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887? What were the results?
gov’t promised land to N.A. to farm if they assimilated to “white culture” (gov took most of it away later)
44
What happened at the Sand Creek Massacre?
John Chivington leads an army unit and wipes out almost the entire Cheyenne Tribe. Make them put on western clothing.
45
Why did the Federal Government encourage the immigration of the Chinese and Irish after the Civil War?
They were hard workers and worked out in the west on the railroads and worked for about half of what the normal worker would work for.
46
Describe the treatment of the Chinese and Irish in the 19th century. Be able to provide an example
They were treated badly and were discriminated against. They were seen as lesser people and poor.
47
What was the historical significance of the Battle of Wounded Knee?
End the Indian Era. (Wipes out the largest tribe that was left. Killed over 200 unarmed men women and children, except for 1 baby.)
48
How did the US government respond following the results of the Battle at Little Bighorn?
They got irritated and kept sending more and more troops. The U.S. kept losing.
49
What was the biggest issue of debate in the 1896 election? Who ran against who?
The biggest issue was the Gold Standard and Bimetalism. McKinley (Republican)(winner) VS Willian Jennys Bryan (Democrat)
50
What did William Jennings Bryan support? What was the name of his famous speech and what was its purpose?
He supported Bimetalism. The speech was “Cross of Gold” (Silver and Gold should be equal) (gold is weighing down the common man.)
51
Which group of people were supported by the Populist Party?
They supported the farmers and working class people.
52
What two groups of people were the majority of the workers on the railroads?
Chinese and Irish Workers
53
What was the Ghost Dance Movement?
It was a native American Movement that called for a return to traditional ways of life and challenged white dominance in society.
54
List 5 Problems farmers faced in the late 1800s (See Populism notes)
Railroad Charges, Great debts, end of the frontier, urbanization, rise of industry
55
List 5 measures of reform the Populist Party demanded in the 1896 election.
- increase money supply -free coinage of silver -graduated income tax -direct election of senators -secret ballots -8 hour workday -immigration control
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