1
Q
What was the motivation for Spanish Conquistadors who followed Christopher Columbus to America?
A
God, Gold, Glory
2
Q
What was the basis of economic livelihood for each of the 13 Colonies?
A
New England: Shipbuilding, fishing, timber.
Middle Colonies (Bread Baskett): Farming Grains, timber
South Colonies: Cash Crops like tobacco, rice, indigo, and later cotton.
3
Q
Who were indentured servants, what were their roles and usual outcomes?
A
People who worked 4-7 years in exchange for passage to America. Many died young or got screwed and ended up poor
4
Q
Bacon’s Rebellion? Significance?
A
1676 rebellion by Virginia former servants due to native attacks and gov’t corruption (William Berkley refuses to help). Attack Capital, Berkley runs away. Significant because it ends indentured servitude. Increases SLAVERY.
5
Q
Albany Congress? Albany Plan of Union? Significance?
A
colonial representatives in Albany, New York, convened to forge unity for defense against the French and their Native American allies during the French and Indian War. It’s famous for Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union, which proposed a unified colonial government with a President-General and Grand Council to manage defense and Indian affairs, though both the colonies and Britain rejected it, it foreshadowed future American unity and the Constitution
6
Q
Characteristics of the Pennsylvania colony
A
William Penn - thought differently “Society of Friends”(Quakers) “Pacificists”
Women were equals and had some voting rights.
Most Democratic Society
ALOT of trade.
7
Q
What role did Salutary Neglect have on the colonies?
A
Loose Supervision of the colonies by the British. 67 years made the colonists feel independent from England. Will end with the French and indian war in 1754
8
Q
Purpose of the original Navigation Acts?
A
First Acts passed by the British onto colonists. Limits smuggling and trade to other countries. Colonists are only allowed to trade with the British Ships.
9
Q
Prior to revolution, what was the colonists greatest means of protest?
A
Boycotts - take money out of kings pockets.
10
Q
What was the Columbian Exchange?
A
Trade of goods between the New World and the Old World
11
Q
What was the impact of the Great Awakening?
A
Religious revival to get people back into the church and focus on religion and community. WORKS. Remember the Authors Names
12
Q
Purpose for the founding of the Jamestown colony?
A
Primarily as a Royal Colony to start trade in America, Last ditch effort to stay in America. Survives.
13
Q
Describe John Locke’s Natural Rights and their importance?
A
Life, Liberty, Property, Influences the Bill of Rights.
14
Q
Triangular Trade? Middle Passage
A
Exchange of Goods between Europe, Africa, and the Americas
Middle Passage - passage from Africa to Americas for the massive importation of slaves.
15
Q
Characteristics of the Massachusetts Bay colony.
A
Strict religious based colony. Banished people who spoke out/not following strict puritan based.
Lots of trade. Most lucrative colonies. Lead the revolution
15
Q
Name of battle that marked the end of the Revolution? Why did the British
Surrender?
A
Battle of Yorktown. The British get pushed to the coastline and surrounded. The French came to aid the Americans. The British were forced to surrender.
15
Q
Townshend Acts? (1767)
A
Reimplementation of Taxes on everyday items after the colonists protested it.
16
Q
Significance of Shay’s Rebellion?
A
Proved the AOC were too weak. No military or Money. Needed a new Constitution.
16
Q
Why did the French and Indian War start?
A
Ohio River Valley Border disputes led to the fight.
16
Q
Stamp Act?
A
Tax to pay for debt of french and indian war. On ANY paper product. Never had to pay for it before.
16
Q
Townshend Acts?
A
Reimplementation of Taxes on everyday items after the colonists protested it.
17
Q
Quartering Act
A
Allows British Soldiers to stay in ANY home. Angered the colonists.
18
Q
Purpose of the 1st and 2nd Continental Congress?
A
1st- starts because of intolerable/coercive acts. (after boston tea party) write declaration of rights and grievances (gets ignored)
2nd- meets shortly before the war after lexington and concord. Writes the olive branch petition. Gets ignored and they write the declaration of independence. Acts as gov during war.
19
Q
Significance of Abigail Adams on John Adams
A
First Feminist. Highly influenced John Adams.
20
Reason for “no taxation without representation” and Parliament’s response to it.
Argued that colonies had no representation. Parliament doesn't care. The whole reason the colonists were mad; they were the only ones paying this.
21
Main reason for France giving support to the American colonists during the war?
They wanted the British to be Weak.
22
Purpose of Thomas Paine’s Common Sense?
Outlines all the grievances against the king. Convinces the lower people that the king was not being fair.
23
Significance of the Battle of Saratoga?
Turning point of the war. Americans realized they had a good chance to win. Convinces France and Spain to join the war effort.
24
Describe what happened at the Boston Massacre.
British Soldiers get cornered during a big protest. Soldiers opened fired onto a crowd of colonists. 5 people are killed. Go on trial and found not guilty.
25
Historical Significance of Lexington and Concord?
After Lexington and Concord there is no more compromise and they inevitably go to war.
26
New Jersey and Virginia Plan characteristics?
New Jersey → 1 house - Equal Representation (Smaller States)
Virginia Plan → 2 house - Representation based on Population (larger States)
27
Great Compromise?
2 Houses. The House has representation based on population. The Senate is based on equal representation.
28
Characteristics of the Federalist Party and Democratic-Republican Party?
Federalists → Favored Rich Education. Alliance with Britain. Strong National Government. Loose Interpretation of Constitution. Based on Manufacturing.
Democratic Republicans → Stronger State govs. Favored strict interpretation of the Constitution. State Banks over national banks. Alliance with France. Farming + Agriculture.
29
Why was Thomas Jefferson hesitant to make the Louisiana Purchase?
It would make him go back on his strict interpretation. Nothing in the constitution was about annexing foreign land. He had to revise his belief and use the elastic clause.
30
List weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.
There was no power to tax, no power to have a federal army. Couldn't regulate trade, couldn't set up treaties.
31
Name and describe the first use of foreign policy created by the United States.
Always Neutral until Monroe Doctrine in which we sent a major threat to Europe to tell them to stay out of the western hemisphere. Works for a period of time
32
Purpose and significance of the Whiskey Rebellion.
Proves the New constitution was working. Farmers upset over excise taxes, start rebellion, gets put down with new constitution and new federal military
33
Significance of Noah Webster
He wrote the American Webster Dictionary. Revise english words. Americanizes language.
34
Economic results of the Embargo Act of 1807
Stops trading with Britain and France. Hurts our GDP badly. But doesnt hurt the other countries as bad.
35
Main result of the majority of John Marshall’s Supreme Court cases?
Every single one increases the power of the federal government over the states. Supremacy clause.
36
Pinckney’s Treaty?
Draws the boundary line between the United States and Spanish Florida. Allows the US to trade on the mississippi river.
37
Describe the Land Ordinances of 1785 and 1787
1785 - plots land in 6x6 mile radiuses finding geographic features. Gives us the shape of all of our states
NW ordinance 1787 - Describes how to become a state. 5000 people you can have legislatures and create laws. 60k then you can apply for statehood. Prohibits Slavery.
38
Describe the ‘Era of Good Feelings’ and its purpose
10 year period in which there is one dominant political party (democratic republicans) - Political Harmony.
39
Powers given to the federal government by the Constitution that fixed issues of the Articles of Confederation?
Allowed tax and federal military, created 3 branches. Fixes the main weaknesses.
40
Significance of Marbury v Madison?
Establishes the process of Judicial Review. The Supreme Court can rule things unconstitutional.
41
“Revolution of 1800”?
2nd Election between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson wins. Significant because it is the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties.
41
Characteristics of Alexander Hamilton’s Report on Public Credit?
Manufacturers → create a manufactured society. Tariffs.
Public Credit → Gather as much debt as possible. Assumes ALL state debts. Proves to the rest of the world the US is serious and can pay off all of their debts.
42
Purpose of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
Try to establish an increase in state rights. Establishes the idea of nullification. This is a failure because of the Supremacy clause
43
Name of political party formed out of distaste for Andrew Jackson and his policies? Leaders of the new political party formed?
The Whig Party formed
-Led by John Quincy adams, Henry Clay, John C Calhoon
44
Explain the characteristics of the Corrupt Bargain.
Agreement after 1824 election between JQA and Clay (speaker of house). Clay convinces House Members to vote for Adams instead of Jackson in return for getting to be Secretary of State.
44
Characteristics of Henry Clay’s American System.
1-2nd bank of the United States
2-Major import tariffs on foreign goods.
3-Build internal improvements + Infrastructure to increase trade.
45
What is a political machine? Who started using this first?
Martin Van Buren. Starts at the local level and gains power over time.
46
Purpose of Andrew Jackson vetoing the 2nd Bank of the United States?
He sees the Bank as a tool for a rich and powerful. Which leads to the panic of 1837
47
Trail of Tears? What legislation was passed that led to the Trail of Tears?
Starts with the Indian Removal Act. Ignore Worcester V. Georgia. Pushes Cheroke out to the west.
47
Worcester v Georgia?
Ruled that the Cherokee were a political entity and had to be treated as citizens. This is Ignored by Jackson.
48
What were the “Pet Banks” created after Jackson’s ending of the 2nd Bank of the United States?
Term Given to the state banks. Took all the money out of the federal Bank and gave to State Banks (mainly ones he favored)
49
Characteristics of Andrew Jackson’s political platform?
“Common Mans President” Biggest thing he does is he Drops the Land Owning Requirement before 1828.Greatly increased voting. Anti-Bank and Anti- Big Gov.
50
Why was there a record voter turnout in the 1828 Presidential election?
Dropped the Land Owning Requirement.Greatly increased voting.
51
What did those “Pet Banks” lead to in the future?
They Mismanaged the money which led to the Panic of 1837
52
South Carolina Exposition and Protest? Purpose and significance?
document secretly authored by John C. Calhoun, protesting the high protective Tariff of Abominations (hurt the south but not the north) , asserting states' rights, and introducing the doctrine of nullification. Talks about seceding the union. Foreshadows the Civil War.
53
Describe and explain the Southern social Hierarchy of the 19th century.
Planters, Small Farmers, Poor Farmers(Highest Population), Slaves.
54
William Lloyd Garrison? Beliefs and characteristics?
Most Famous Abolitionist. Published “The Liberator”, formed the American Anti-Slavery Society. Wanted an immediate end to slavery. Burned Constitution. Argued for Northern Succession.
55
Frederick Douglass? Significance
Abolitionist, Former Slave. Wrote his own paper called “the north star”. Helped Runaway Slaves. Advised President Lincoln. “Slavery is wicked, a sin, and violates liberty”.
56
Grimke Sisters?
Abolitionists, Born on Plantation. First women to ever speak out against slavery.First women to address a legislative body. Worked with Philadelphia female anti-slavery society. Published “American Slavery as it is” Use Religious teachings of how slavery is a sin.
57
Transcendentalism?
Belief of how one should live life. Started by Ralph Waldo Emerson and put to life by Henry David Thoreau. States that one should focus on self-reliance / independence. HDT takes it to another level, living in nature, civil disobedience, protesting law.
58
Significant works and purposes of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau?
States that one should focus on self-reliance / independence. HDT takes it to another level, living in nature, civil disobedience, protesting law.
59
Characteristics of the 2nd Great Awakening? Major leaders?
Much More Involved than the 1st great awakening. Get people back to church + morals and ethics. Creates huge social change, uses Biblical teaching to rid of slavery, focus on education, and treat people more kindly. Major leaders were ones for all the reform movements but the 2nd Great Awakenings main leader was Charles Finney and his tent meetings.
60
Significance of Horace Mann?
Creates 4 Core Subjects and Focuses on Education.
60
Purpose of Temperance Movement?
Get rid of Alcohol.
61
Most commonly used transportation path in the 1840s to 1870s? Characteristics of this path?
Oregon Trail. It was a dangerous, Dirt trail, easy to get lost in, lots by disease, attacks by native americans and wildlife. A lot of people died on this path.
61
Meaning behind “Fifty-four forty or fight!”?
The way that we gained territory. James K. Polk. Oregon territory. He campaigns that they are going to annex that territory or they will fight the British.
61
Purpose of the Seneca Falls Convention? Leaders?
Gain Equality for Women. Makes a suggestion that women should get the right to vote. Main Leaders were Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott. Susan B. Anthony was also there.
62
Purpose and meaning of ‘Manifest Destiny’?
belief that the United States was divinely meant to expand its control and spread democracy, capitalism, and American values across the North American continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Its purpose was to justify westward expansion, territorial acquisition.
63
Reasons for the Mexican-American War? “Bloodspot Resolution?
Territorial Expansion and that we need the land. We Annex texas the year before the war. And we want the rest of the land. “American Soldier was killed on American Soil by the Mexicans” → Bloodspot resolution, Lincoln challenge Polk and wants to know the exact spot of bloodshed.
64
Reasons for debate to annex Texas into the United States after its independence from Mexico?
Texas became its own territory. Mostly American people, fighting the Mexican government, win. Lone Star Republic for 9 years. Took forever because politicians were deciding whether it would cause a civil war, or a war with Mexicans.
65
James K. Polk’s desire to go to war with Mexico?
Want the Land and to fulfill manifest destiny.
66
Significance of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo and the Gadsden Purchase?
Creates the Continental united states and fulfills manifest destiny.
67
Lands gained by Mexican cession?
California, Parts of Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, New Mexico was all claimed. MONSTER Amount of Land.
68
Characteristics of the “Big Ditch”?
We start building Canals throughout the US. Connecting multiple parts and expanding trade.
69
How and why did slavery spread westward during this era?
We are bringing Slavery and Cotton out west as we are expanding out west, caused an increase in the need for slavery
70
What was the most significant critical issue facing political parties in the late 1840s?
Slavery is the Biggest Issue
71
Historical Significance and purpose of Uncle Tom’s Cabin?
Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852), Uncle Tom’s Cabin exposed the moral evils and brutality of slavery. Its purpose was to sway public opinion against slavery by appealing to readers’ emotions. Historically, it intensified sectional tensions, strengthened Northern abolitionist sentiment, and angered Southerners, contributing to the growing divide that led to the Civil War.
72
Party platform of the Republicans in the 1850s?
The Republican Party opposed the expansion of slavery into western territories, supported free labor, free soil, and free men, and promoted internal improvements such as railroads and homesteads. The party did not initially call for the abolition of slavery where it already existed.
73
“Positive Good” theory towards slavery by pro slavery politicians?
Pro-slavery politicians argued that slavery was not a necessary evil but a “positive good.” They claimed slavery benefited enslaved people by providing care and stability and was superior to Northern wage labor. This theory was used to morally justify slavery and defend it as essential to Southern society and economy.
74
Wilmot Proviso?
A proposed amendment (1846) to ban slavery in any territory acquired from Mexico. Although it never passed, it intensified sectional conflict and exposed deep divisions between North and South over slavery’s expansion.
75
Ostend Manifesto?
An 1854 diplomatic document suggesting the U.S. should purchase Cuba from Spain, and if Spain refused, the U.S. would be justified in taking it by force. It caused outrage in the North because it appeared to be an attempt to expand slave territory, damaging the Pierce administration.
76
Reasons why many slaves were reluctant to escape or rebel against owners?
Fear of violent punishment or death
Concern for family members who could not escape
Limited knowledge of geography or safe routes
Lack of resources and protection
Belief rebellion would fail due to overwhelming force
77
Characteristics of the Compromise of 1850?
California admitted as a free state
Popular sovereignty in Utah and New Mexico
Stronger Fugitive Slave Act
Slave trade (not slavery) banned in Washington, D.C.
Texas border settled and debts paid
78
Result of Nat Turner’s rebellion in 1831?
The rebellion led to stricter slave laws in the South, including bans on educating enslaved people and limiting their movement. It also increased Southern fear of slave uprisings and hardened pro-slavery attitudes.
79
Kansas-Nebraska Act purpose and significance?
Purpose: To allow popular sovereignty in Kansas and Nebraska so settlers could vote on slavery.
Significance: Repealed the Missouri Compromise, led to violent conflict known as Bleeding Kansas, and directly contributed to the formation of the Republican Party.
80
Crittenden Compromise?
A last-ditch effort (1860) to prevent secession by extending the Missouri Compromise line to the Pacific and permanently protecting slavery south of it. It failed because Republicans refused to allow slavery’s expansion, and Southern states proceeded with secession.
81
As a result of the war, the 13th Amendment was passed. Detailed purpose?
Abolishes Slavery. Whole Purpose.
82
Total War?
Using all resources that we have in war and throw it at the other side. Why it ends up so deadly.
83
Purpose of 14th and 15th Amendments passed after the war?
aimed to secure rights for newly freed slaves
84
Habeas Corpus? Why did Abraham Lincoln suspend it?
Right to be told why you are being put in jail. Lincoln suspends it to get rid of Anti-war, Anti-Union, confederate sympathisers type of people in the north.
85
Results and significance of Battle of Antietam and Gettysburg?
Antietam → single bloodiest day in US History, leads Lincoln to write the Emancipation proclamation.
Gettysburg → Bloodiest battle, turning point of the war. Never again will the south invade the north.
86
Emancipation Proclamation?
Free the slaves only in Confederate Territory.
87
Abraham Lincoln’s opinion of Southern secession?
Never Recognizes them as the confederacy, sees it as a political disagreement. Preserve the Union.
88
What role did African Americans play during the Civil War?
Fought on Both sides. Were highly discriminated against.
88
Why was Reconstruction necessary?
It was necessary because the constitution did limit rights of african Americans.
89
What are the three Reconstruction amendments? Describe each.
13th- abolishes slavery
14th-equal protection + birthright citizen ship
15th-African american men right to vote
90
What were the three official plans of Reconstruction? Describe.
Lincoln's 10% Plan → 10% loyalty. 13th amendment.
Johnson Plan → 10% loyalty. 13th amendment.
Congressional Reconstruction → 50% loyalty. 13th 14th and 15th amendment.
91
What were the Black Codes of the Reconstruction time period? Why were they significant?
Specific restrictions put on african americans after the war, limits freedoms, such as voting. Leads to Jim Crow laws and legalized segregation
92
What is the Reconstruction Act of 1867 and why was it important?
Establishes 5 military zone dividends for the south. Makes them follow the laws and amendments.
93
Who were the Redeemer Democrats and what did they want?
Former confederate politicians who came back into office at the end of reconstruction and reclaimed their seat in southern states. People argued this is where reconstruction failed. These politicians were only in to reestablish the former south and enforced segregation.
94
Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?
He violated the Tenure of Office Act. The President is not allowed to fire a secretary appointed by a politician. He fired the Sec of War anyways. Found not Guilty by one vote.
95
Why was the Presidential Election of 1877 significant?
Rutherford B Hayes gets votes from Democrats and lead to the compromises of 1877. Ends reconstruction. Stopped Military Zones, and allowed Redeemer democrats to some back in.
96
What officially ended Reconstruction?
The Compromise of 1877.
APUSH
flashcards
Decks in class (15)
# Cards
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APUSH Unit 2 Id's37
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APUSH 2.1-2.340
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APUSH U2 Study Guide48
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ID's unit 3 1-2020
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Unit 3A Study Guide54
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Unit 3 ID 27-4216
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Unit 3 Part 2 SG70
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Civil War Antebellum Notes51
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Unit 4 IDS47
-
Unit 4 Study Guide77
-
Midterm Study Guide108
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APUSH Unit 5 IDS27
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Unit 5 Study Guide55
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Unit 6 IDs48
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U7 Study Guide46
