Attribution

Question 1

attribution

Answer 1

the perceived cause of particular outcomes

Question 2

name for model of attribution

Answer 2

Weiner’s model of attribution

Question 3

Weiners model of attribution - locus of casualty

Answer 3

internal
external

Question 4

Weiners model of attribution - stability dimension

Answer 4

stable
unstable

Question 5

internal causes

Answer 5

• attribution from within performer

Question 6

external causes

Answer 6

• attribution from the environment

Question 7

stable

Answer 7

attributions that are unchangeable

Question 8

unstable

Answer 8

attributions that are changeable

Question 9

internal stable

Answer 9

ability

Question 10

external stable

Answer 10

task difficulty

Question 11

internal unstable

Answer 11

effort

Question 12

unstable external

Answer 12

luck

Question 13

locus of casualty

Answer 13

• where reason for success / failure is placed

Question 14

stability dimension

Answer 14

• how likely cause is to change over time

Question 15

internal stable - example - for success

Answer 15

• I was successful in my gymnastics leaps
• because I am good at it

Question 16

external stable - example

Answer 16

• I was successful at the dance routine
• because the routine was easy

Question 17

internal unstable - example

Answer 17

• I scored low marks in my gymnastics routine
• because I did not practice enough

Question 18

external unstable - example

Answer 18

• I was unsuccessful in netball shooting
• because I kept on slipping due to bad weather
• we won the netball match
• because their best player was injured on opposing team

Question 19

internal stable - example for failure

Answer 19

• I lost 100 metre sprint
• because I was too slow

Question 20

learned helplessness

Answer 20

• belief that failure is inevitable
• no control over the causes for failure
• low achievers attribute failure to external factors & internal stable factors

Question 21

effect of learned helplessness

Answer 21

• can lead to a performer giving up

Question 22

mastery orientation

Answer 22

• a feeling of being in control of the outcome
• motivated by becoming an expert
• high achievers will attribute failures to internal & unstable factors (effort)

Question 23

mastery orientation - effect

Answer 23

• can motivate a performer to strive to improve

Question 24

positive outcomes for using internal attributions for success

Answer 24

• endorses mastery orientation
• elevates confidence or self esteem
• develops pride
• increases expectations of success in the future

Question 25

negative outcomes for using internal attributions for success

Answer 25

- may lead to overconfidence

Question 26

positive outcomes of using internal attributions for failure

Answer 26

- motivated to try harder - different training methods adopted - could lead to trying to reach mastery orientation - high fitness levels worked for (unstable)

Question 27

negative outcomes of using internal attributions for failure

Answer 27

- could experience learned helplessness - motivation could decrease (feeling of shame) - lack of belief in success for future (stable) - deterioration of team cohesion (unstable)

Question 28

self serving bias

Answer 28

- performers will attribute success to internal factors

Question 29

example - self serving bias

Answer 29

- I tried hard in training - (effort)

Question 30

outcomes of using external attributions for success

Answer 30

- takes away pride normally associated with success - takes away the incentive value derived from mastery orientation

Question 31

positive outcomes of using external attributions for failure

Answer 31

- keeps up morale - self serving bias - protects self esteem - keep team cohesive - may lead to different tactics - eliminates shame - improves expectation of success in the future

Question 32

negative outcomes of using external attributions for failure

Answer 32

- could shield other real reasons for failure - could lead to lack of improvement

Question 33

what is locus of control

Answer 33

- 3rd dimension that was later added to model - considers the extent to which the outcome is under control - whether an attribution is controllable or uncontrollable can directly affect motivation of performer

Question 34

locus of control - controllable attributions

Answer 34

- outcomes under the control of the performer or others, e.g coach - it means something can be done to change the outcome

Question 35

locus of control - uncontrollable attributions

Answer 35

- outcomes under no ones control - meaning nothing can be done to change the outcome

Question 36

which attributions are controllable

Answer 36

- internal unstable (effort)

Question 37

which attributions are uncontrollable

Answer 37

- internal stable (ability) - external stable (task difficulty) - external unstable (luck)

Question 38

attribution retraining

Answer 38

- focus attribution on controllable & unstable factors