Guidance

Question 1

what are the 4 types of guidance ?

Answer 1

visual
verbal
manual
mechanical

Question 2

what is visual guidance ?

Answer 2

the use of demonstration or videos or books to show the learner what to do

it creates a mental image

Question 3

give an example of visual guidance ?

Answer 3

a netball coach will demonstrate how to do a chest pass to create a mental image for the learners

Question 4

what is verbal guidance ?

Answer 4

when someone explains or describes how to perform an activity

it could be a coach giving extrinsic feedback

Question 5

give an example of verbal guidance ?

Answer 5

a swimming coach explaining how to improve a racing start

Question 6

what is manual guidance ?

Answer 6

physically supporting or moving or restricting the performer through the skill

Question 7

give an example of manual guidance ?

Answer 7

a gymnastics coach physically holds a gymnast in a handstand position

Question 8

what is mechanical guidance ?

Answer 8

a piece of equipment or apparatus used to help the performer or shape the skill

Question 9

give an example of mechanical guidance ?

Answer 9

a harness in trampolining guides the learner through a somersault

Question 10

give advantages of visual guidance ?

Answer 10

• useful for a beginner
• helps a beginner to form a mental image
• it gives an understanding of the movements required
• slow motion video can help a performer understand the movement
• can enable the skill to be seen in different stages makes it easier to learn
• can be used in error detection
• encourages observational learning
• more effective if the demonstration is a role model

Question 11

give disadvantages of visual guidance ?

Answer 11

• demonstration could be incorrect or at the wrong level
• demonstration may be too quick for the learner to follow
• static images don’t show how a movement is produced
• slow motion demonstrations can be unclear

Question 12

give advantages of verbal guidance ?

Answer 12

• good for autonomous performers
• can be direct clear and quick
• can motivate performer and give confidence
• can hold attention of performer
• questioning techniques can lead to learning
• useful to explain how to produce a movement
• can refine skills during performance
• effective for simples skills

Question 13

give disadvantages of verbal guidance ?

Answer 13

• if verbal guidance not accurate it can lead to errors
• can lead to information overload
• ineffective with beginners
• can be boring
• can be confusing or they might not understand
• some movements are hard to explain

Question 14

give advantages of manual guidance ?

Answer 14

• gives kinaesthetic awareness
• can reduce fear and increase safety in dangerous situations
• can build confidence

Question 15

give an example as to when manual guidance helps to reduce fear and increase safety ?

Answer 15

• coach supporting a gymnast somersaulting on a beam

Question 16

give disadvantages of using manual guidance ?

Answer 16

• can give a false kinaesthesis or unrealistic feeling of real movement
• performer may not like the coach touching them
• performer may become over reliant on coach and be less confident when support is removed
• is only relevant for some skills or movements, it is difficult to use for some actions

Question 17

give advantages of mechanical guidance ?

Answer 17

• helps performer gain feel of movement
• helps performer understand how skill is performed as a whole movement
• enables performer to practice the timings
• builds confidence
• reduces fear or reduces anxiety
• enables practice when alone
• can isolate and allow for practice of a weakness
• reduce danger so there is less chance of injury

Question 18

give disadvantages of mechanical guidance ?

Answer 18

• learner can become over reliant on the guidance
• inhibits development of intrinsic feedback, performer may feel like they aren’t completing the real thing
• learner doesn’t learn to self correct