Feedback

Question 1

what is positive feedback ?

Answer 1

gives information about a successful outcome

reinforces skill learning

can be intrinsic or extrinsic

Question 2

give an example of positive feedback ?

Answer 2

a rugby coach praises the correct tackling technique of a player

Question 3

what is negative feedback ?

Answer 3

gives information about an unsuccessful outcome

can be intrinsic or extrinsic

Question 4

what does negative feedback help to do ?

Answer 4

build more successful strategies

Question 5

give an example of negative feedback ?

Answer 5

a basketball coach explains why the shooting technique of a player was incorrect

Question 6

what is intrinsic feedback ?

Answer 6

• information about the kinaesthetic feel of the movement
• comes from within the performer
• comes from proprioceptors

Question 7

what are proprioceptors ?

Answer 7

sensory receptors located in the tissues, they are capable of detecting motion and position of the body through a stimulus produced within the body

Question 8

give an example of intrinsic feedback ?

Answer 8

a football player physically feeling that they volleyed the ball from the sweet spot of their foot

Question 9

what is extrinsic feedback ?

Answer 9

• comes fro man external source to the performer (from environment)
• comes from sight or sound

Question 10

give an example of extrinsic feedback ?

Answer 10

• basketball coach telling a performer that their shooting technique is excellent
• a basketball player seeing the ball go in the ring after their shot

Question 11

what is knowledge of performance ?

Answer 11

• information about how well the skill was executed
• can be given as external feedback
• can be concurrent

Question 12

what does concurrent mean ?

Answer 12

given during performance

Question 13

give an example of knowledge of performance ?

Answer 13

a tennis coach explaining to a performer that their serving technique is correct

a tennis player telling themselves they need to toss the ball higher when serving

Question 14

what is knowledge of results ?

Answer 14

• information about the outcome of the skill
• it is terminal
• it is external

Question 15

what does terminal mean ?

Answer 15

at the end of performance

Question 16

give an example of knowledge of results ?

Answer 16

a 100 m sprinter seeing that they ran 100m in 13 seconds

a netball player seeing that their pass successfully reached their teammate

Question 17

what are advantages of positive feedback ?

Answer 17

• forms or strengthens correct s-r bond
• reinforces skill learning or indicates where the performer has done things correctly
• can significantly increase motivation
• effective for beginners
• builds confidence within the performer

Question 18

give an example of where positive feedback is a good thing

Answer 18

a coach praises the volleyball player on a successful block which makes the performer grow in confidence and be more likely to try the block more often

Question 19

what are disadvantages of positive feedback ?

Answer 19

• if underserved the performer may establish incorrect s-r bonds
• ineffective if unspecific
• if overused can lead to ignoring feedback or losing its positive effect becoming devalued

Question 20

give an example of when positive feedback is not helpful ?

Answer 20

• a table tennis player hearing lots of positive comments from their coach may feel like its not valueable as it is too often

Question 21

give advantages of negative feedback ?

Answer 21

motivates some performers
provides clear areas for the players to work on to improve/ tells performer what they are doing wrong
useful for autonomous players
helps to fine tune well learned skills
prevents drive reduction as it pushed performers to achieve the goal

Question 22

give an example for when motivation is an advantage for negative feedback ?

Answer 22

a rugby player being told off for not trying hard enough to stop the other team from scoring a try may become more determined to work harder to stop the opposition

Question 23

give an example as to when clear areas for the performer to work on is beneficial in negative feedback ?

Answer 23

a basketball coach criticising the wrist action when shooting gives the player a very specific focus to work on training

Question 24

give disadvantages of negative feedback ?

Answer 24

• can be demotivating and cause the performer to give up
• can lower self confidence
• doesn’t tell a performer what they need to do, it could just tell them what they are doing wrong
• inappropraite for beginners
• if negative feedback unfounded pr inaccurate it can have detrimental impacts on performance

Question 25

give an examples as to why negative feedback is inappropriate for beginners ?

Answer 25

- if a coach gives negative feedback to a beginner boxer, she feels useless

Question 26

give advantages of extrinsic feedback ?

Answer 26

- coach can observe and give feedback, and have time to think about their feedback - helps skill learning for beginners - more objective so potentially more accurate - if the coach is experienced, the feedback should be accurate and effective - motivating, as performer gets attention from coach - helps performer develop intrinsic feedback, as a coach tells performer if their movement was correct, and to remember physical feel of movement

Question 27

give an example as to why extrinsic feedback being more objective is a good thing ?

Answer 27

a hurdlers coach is not affected by how hard the hurdler felt they tried or what they thought they had done

Question 28

give an example as to why extrinsic feedback allowing coaches to give accurate and effective feedback is a good thing ?

Answer 28

- olympic level gymnastics coach will be able to give very accurate and constructive feedback

Question 29

give disadvantages of extrinsic feedback ?

Answer 29

- if coach gives inaccurate feedback it can lead to decrease in quality of performance - can lead to a drop in motivation for the performer - does not develop as much kinaesthetic awareness within the individual - performer can become too dependent upon this feedback type if coach isn't there, performer may struggle - if overused can overload or demotivate performer

Question 30

give an example as to when a coach gives inaccurate feedback which can lead to a decrease in quality of performance

Answer 30

- novice coach may give poor feedback to a diver about their rotations mid dive which could result in too much splash on entry

Question 31

give advantages of intrinsic feedback ?

Answer 31

- instant / immediately corrected - readily available - don't need to rely on others - good for experts - helps to develop fluid movements/timings - performer is able to think about things such as tactics

Question 32

give an example as to when you do not need to rely on others with intrinsic feedback

Answer 32

- tennis player can feel if the serve was correct they do not need their coach to tell them

Question 33

give an examples as to when intrinsic feedback is good for experts ?

Answer 33

- professional footballers will be able to use intrinsic feedback accurately compared to a beginner

Question 34

give disadvantages of intrinsic feedback

Answer 34

- beginners can't use it as they do not know the true kinaesthetic feel - might not be accurate so can lead to errors - some individuals senses or proprioception is not effective - some performers who lack confidence may not trust their own feedback and feel the need to have an external source to provided feedback - learning how to use intrinsic feedback can take a long time

Question 35

give an example as to when some performers need to have an external source as they do not trust their own feedback

Answer 35

- inexperienced or nervous trampolinist may need a coach to confirm to him that a backdrop was successfully executed

Question 36

give advantages to knowledge of performance feedback

Answer 36

- good for situations where the outcome may not be successful but the movement was - allows the coach to focus on positive aspects - can tell perfomrer's how to improve - esssential for skill learning - helps experts to refine movements - increases motivation/ confidence - given whilst performer is executing the skill and errors can be quickly corrected - effective in some closed skills where technique is important - helps develop kinaesthetic awareness

Question 37

give disadvantages of knowledge of performance ?

Answer 37

- if feedback inaccurate can be detrimental - some performers may only want to know the outcome - can confuse or demotivate beginners if lots of KOP is given - takes a long time to develop the kinaesthesis

Question 38

give advantages of knowledge of performance ?

Answer 38

- important for learning to take place or performer needs to know they were successful in order to learn - important for beginners - important for experts - can increase motivation/focus/confidence - satisfaction felt when successful KOR will strengthen s-r bond - effective when linked to KOP to develop skills/ motivate performers - measurable and objective

Question 39

give disadvantages to knowledge of results ?

Answer 39

- can demotivate by focusing on results more than process - if result is unsuccessful, perfomer may feel feedback is negative despite the fact they may have improved aspects of performance - result outcome doesn't always effectively inform you about how well you have done - can strengthen incorrect s-r bond - can only be used once performance is completed - isn't as effective in some closed skills where success measure is technique - can be too statistics based