NAVLE PPT Study Guide > Avian NAVLE > Flashcards

Avian NAVLE Flashcards

(39 cards)

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1
Q

What is the main nitrogenous waste produced by birds?

A

Uric Acid

This is a unique adaptation in avian species to conserve water.

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2
Q

In avian anatomy, the ulna is _______ than the radius.

A

bigger

This is a unique feature of bird anatomy.

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3
Q

What are the components of the avian gastrointestinal system?

A
  • Crop
  • Proventriculus
  • Ventriculus
  • Cloaca

Each part has a specific function in digestion.

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4
Q

What does a black spot on an air sac indicate?

A

Anthracosis

This condition is generally considered fine.

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5
Q

What is the cause of Vitamin E deficiency in birds?

A

Diet

This deficiency can lead to nutritional encephalomalacia.

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of Vitamin E deficiency?

A
  • Ataxia
  • Paresis
  • Prostration
  • Death

These signs indicate severe neurological issues.

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7
Q

What is the pathology associated with Vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • Retinal degeneration
  • Constriction of CN II at optic foraminae

This can lead to significant visual impairment.

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8
Q

What are the clinical signs of Vitamin A deficiency?

A
  • Star-gazing
  • Squamous metaplasia
  • Blindness
  • Absent PLR
  • D+
  • Anisocoria
  • Strabismus
  • Poor condition
  • Seizure
  • Death

These signs reflect severe systemic effects.

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9
Q

What is the etiology of Fowl Pox?

A

Poxviridae-Avipoxvirus (DNA virus)

This virus is transmitted via mosquitos, lice, and ticks.

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10
Q

What are the clinical signs of the wet form of Fowl Pox?

A
  • Caseous white nodules on oropharynx
  • Asphyxiation risk

This form is more severe and can lead to respiratory distress.

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11
Q

What is the treatment for Fowl Pox?

A

MLV- wing-web injection

Vaccination is recommended for all except those naturally infected.

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12
Q

What is the etiology of Fowl Plague?

A

Orthomyxovirus, Influenza A (H5 or H7)

This disease is highly pathogenic and notifiable.

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13
Q

What are the clinical signs of HPAI?

A
  • Sudden death
  • Stop of egg production
  • Cyanosis of combs or wattles
  • Edema of face/head/neck

These signs indicate severe systemic infection.

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14
Q

What is the diagnostic method for HPAI?

A

RT-PCR

This method detects the matrix protein gene.

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15
Q

What is the etiology of Marek’s Disease?

A

Gallid Herpesvirus 2

This virus primarily affects young chickens.

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of Marek’s Disease?

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A
  • Paralysis
  • Lymphoid tumors
  • Irregular/graying of pupil and iris

These signs indicate significant neurological and systemic involvement.

17
Q

What is the treatment for Marek’s Disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

In ovo vaccination by 18 days

This is crucial for prevention in hatchlings.

18
Q

What is Histomoniasis also known as?

Study These Flashcards
A

Blackhead

This disease primarily affects turkeys.

19
Q

What is the etiology of Chlamydiosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Chlamydia Psittaci

This disease is reportable and zoonotic.

20
Q

What are the clinical signs of Infectious Coryza?

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A
  • Copious grayish semifluid exudate
  • Infraorbital sinus swelling
  • Conjunctivitis

These signs indicate respiratory distress in older chickens.

21
Q

What is the etiology of Avian Coccidiosis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Eimeria spp.

This disease primarily affects young poultry.

22
Q

What is the treatment for Necrotic Enteritis?

Study These Flashcards
A

Cull affected birds

This condition is associated with high levels of certain feed ingredients.

23
Q

What is the main treatment for Metabolic Dystocia?

Study These Flashcards
A

Calcium Gluconate

This is used for hypocalcemia in birds.

24
Q

What is the cause of Decreased Production in birds?

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A
  • Infectious Bronchitis (IBV)
  • Egg Drop Syndrome
  • Adenovirus
  • False Layer Syndrome
  • E.coli/Mycoplasma Gallisepticum
  • Egg Binding
  • Metabolic exhaustion/Egg Bound

These conditions can lead to reduced egg production in birds.

25
What are the **clinical signs** (CS) of **Egg Binding**?
* Dilated pink cloaca * Abdominal palpation revealing firm, round mass in caudal abdomen ## Footnote Treatment includes analgesia, SQ fluids, Ca administration, and placing the bird in a warm, moist environment.
26
What is the **treatment** (Tx) for **Egg Drop Syndrome**?
Calcium Gluconate ## Footnote This syndrome is associated with Adenovirus and can cause a significant reduction in egg production.
27
What is the **pathology** (Path) of **False Layer Syndrome**?
Obstruction of Oviduct ## Footnote This syndrome can be caused by E.coli or Mycoplasma gallisepticum.
28
What are the **clinical signs** (CS) of **Increased Production**?
* Lethargy * Poor condition * An egg produced every 3 days for 3-4 weeks ## Footnote Treatment involves Leuprolide acetate (lupron), a GnRH analog.
29
What is the **standard method** for insemination in **Turkeys**?
Artificial Insemination (AI) ## Footnote This method is commonly used in poultry reproduction.
30
What is **Hemochromatosis**?
* Iron Storage Disease * Affects Toucan and Minah birds * Clinical signs include poor feathering and overgrown beak ## Footnote Diagnosis involves increased liver enzymes and BA.
31
What are the **acceptable methods** for **euthanasia**?
* CO2 * Cervical Dislocation * Nitrogen * Gunshot ## Footnote Exsanguination requires sedation.
32
What are the **clinical signs** (CS) of **Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency** (EPI)?
* Weight loss * Polyphagia * Voluminous foul-smelling, light tan droppings ## Footnote Normal lab results are typically observed.
33
What is the **treatment** (Tx) for **Cystic Feather Follicle**?
Surgical removal ## Footnote This condition is common in primary feather wings.
34
What is **Chrysanthemum Disease** also known as?
Feather dusters ## Footnote This autosomal recessive disorder affects Budgies and leads to continuous feather growth.
35
What is the **pathogen** (Et) responsible for **Avian Malaria**?
Plasmodium trophozoite ## Footnote Clinical signs include lethargy and weakness.
36
What are the **clinical signs** (CS) of **Pododermatitis**?
* Redness * Flattening of scales ## Footnote This condition is also known as Bumble foot.
37
What is the **risk factor** (RF) for **Atherosclerosis** in birds?
* Female * High fat diet * Sedentary life ## Footnote This condition is commonly seen in older captive birds like African Grey and Amazon Parrots.
38
What is the **pathology** (Path) of **Proventricular Dilatation Syndrome**?
Lymphoplasmacytic ganglioneuritis ## Footnote This syndrome is also known as Macaw wasting disease.
39
What is the **clinical sign** (CS) of **Cutaneous Xanthomatosis**?
Self mutilation ## Footnote This condition is associated with excessive lipid accumulation in the skin.
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